{
  "dataset": "CENTS state-by-state review of K-8 financial education",
  "version": "v1.0, October 2026",
  "suggested_citation": "CENTS. State-by-state review of K-8 financial education: dataset, v1.0, October 2026.",
  "note": "Statuses come from published law and standards and an automated second check, not a lawyer. States shown as under_review have no stated status.",
  "count": 51,
  "states": [
    {
      "abbr": "AL",
      "name": "Alabama",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.alabamaachieves.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/AS_20250110_2024-Alabama-Course-of-Study-Social-Studies_V1.0.pdf",
          "citation": "2024 Alabama Course of Study: Social Studies, Kindergarten, Economics standard 4",
          "publisher": "Alabama State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.alabamaachieves.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/AS_20250110_2024-Alabama-Course-of-Study-Social-Studies_V1.0.pdf",
          "citation": "2024 Alabama Course of Study: Social Studies, Grade 1, Economics standard 3a",
          "publisher": "Alabama State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.alabamaachieves.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/AS_20250110_2024-Alabama-Course-of-Study-Social-Studies_V1.0.pdf",
          "citation": "2024 Alabama Course of Study: Social Studies, Preface; Code of Alabama 1975, 16-35-4",
          "publisher": "Alabama State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2023RS/HB164-enr.pdf",
          "citation": "Alabama HB164 (2023 Regular Session), Enrolled, Section 1(a)",
          "publisher": "Alabama Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.alabamaachieves.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AMEND_20240306_290-3-1-2-Regulations-Governing-Public-Schools_V1.0.pdf",
          "citation": "Alabama Administrative Code r. 290-3-1-.02(22)(c)",
          "publisher": "Alabama State Board of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.alabamaachieves.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AMEND_20240306_290-3-1-2-Regulations-Governing-Public-Schools_V1.0.pdf",
          "citation": "Alabama Administrative Code r. 290-3-1-.02(22)(c)1.",
          "publisher": "Alabama State Board of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "AK",
      "name": "Alaska",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Alaska Social Studies Standards (Department of Education and Early Development)",
          "year": "2024"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Personal finance appears as part of the Economics strand (Anchor Standard 12, Decision-Making and Personal Finance, and Standard 13 on saving and interest) within social studies. The document states that decisions on how to meet the goals are left to districts and teachers. Grades 7-8 content was not found under the personal finance anchor in a text search of the document."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": null,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "The state graduation regulation (4 AAC 06.075) could not be read without a bot challenge and is not relied on here. Bills proposing a half-credit program for grades 9-12 were introduced in the 34th Legislature (HB 90 and HB 339 text; the grade range of SB 22 was not confirmed)."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "HB 90",
          "session": "34th Legislature (2025-2026)",
          "status": "Referred to House Finance; last action listed on the bill page is heard and held on 5/15/2025",
          "link": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=HB90",
          "title": "Financial literacy program in schools (grades 9-12)"
        },
        {
          "number": "SB 22",
          "session": "34th Legislature (2025-2026)",
          "status": "Referred to Senate Finance; last action listed on the bill page is heard and held on 4/4/2025",
          "link": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=SB22",
          "title": "Financial literacy program in schools"
        },
        {
          "number": "HB 339",
          "session": "34th Legislature (2025-2026)",
          "status": "Introduced 2/23/2026 and referred to House Education; no later action listed",
          "link": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=HB339",
          "title": "Personal finance program in schools (grades 9-12)"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://museums.state.ak.us/akstandards/Adopted-AK-SS-Standards-2024.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Alaska Department of Education and Early Development",
          "citation": "Alaska Social Studies Standards, Adopted December 2024, Guiding Principle I",
          "excerpt": "Economic standards should include opportunities to build on students’ personal financial literacy and provide them the skills and knowledge necessary to make informed decisions",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://museums.state.ak.us/akstandards/Adopted-AK-SS-Standards-2024.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Alaska Department of Education and Early Development",
          "citation": "Alaska Social Studies Standards, Adopted December 2024, Grade 6, Theme 4, Economics Anchor Standard 12 (SS.6.4.12.2)",
          "excerpt": "SS.6.4.12.2 Devise a plan for making informed financial decisions.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://museums.state.ak.us/akstandards/Adopted-AK-SS-Standards-2024.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Alaska Department of Education and Early Development",
          "citation": "Alaska Social Studies Standards, Adopted December 2024, Grades K-2, Economics Anchor Standard 13 (SS.1.1.13.1)",
          "excerpt": "SS.1.1.13.1 Examine decisions that people make about spending and saving money.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://museums.state.ak.us/akstandards/Adopted-AK-SS-Standards-2024.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Alaska Department of Education and Early Development",
          "citation": "Alaska Social Studies Standards, Adopted December 2024, introductory text on use of the standards",
          "excerpt": "Decisions on how best to help students meet these program goals are left to local school districts and teachers.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0090A",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Alaska State Legislature",
          "citation": "HB 90 (34th Legislature), version A, proposed AS 14.30.850(a)",
          "excerpt": "district shall establish a literacy education program for students in grades nine through",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=SB22",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Alaska State Legislature",
          "citation": "SB 22 (34th Legislature), bill detail page",
          "excerpt": "An Act establishing a financial literacy education program for public schools; and providing for an effective date.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0339A",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Alaska State Legislature",
          "citation": "HB 339 (34th Legislature), version A, proposed AS 14.30.850(a)",
          "excerpt": "shall establish a personal finance education program for students in grades nine",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "AZ",
      "name": "Arizona",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/15/00701-01.htm",
          "citation": "A.R.S. 15-701.01(A)(2)",
          "publisher": "Arizona State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/15/00701-01.htm",
          "citation": "A.R.S. 15-701.01(A)(2)",
          "publisher": "Arizona State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/15/00701.htm",
          "citation": "A.R.S. 15-701(A)(1)",
          "publisher": "Arizona State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "AR",
      "name": "Arkansas",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2017R%2FPublic%2FACT480.pdf",
          "citation": "Act 480 of 2017 (HB 1442), amending Ark. Code 6-16-135(c)",
          "publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2019R%2FPublic%2FACT466.pdf",
          "citation": "Act 466 of 2019 (SB 316), amending Ark. Code 6-16-135(c)",
          "publisher": "Arkansas General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/Files/AR_Graduation_Requirements_12.3.25_LS.pdf",
          "citation": "ADE Arkansas Graduation Requirements, 12.3.25; A.C.A. 6-16-135",
          "publisher": "Arkansas Division of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/Files/AR_Grades_K-4_Social_Studies_Standards_2022_LS.pdf",
          "citation": "Arkansas Grades K-4 Social Studies Standards 2022, E.1.K.7",
          "publisher": "Arkansas Division of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/Files/AR_Grades_K-4_Social_Studies_Standards_2022_LS.pdf",
          "citation": "Arkansas Grades K-4 Social Studies Standards 2022, introduction",
          "publisher": "Arkansas Division of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/Files/AR_Grades_5-6_Social_Studies_Standards_2022_LS.pdf",
          "citation": "Arkansas Grades 5-6 Social Studies Standards 2022, E.6",
          "publisher": "Arkansas Division of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/Files/AR_Grade_8_Social_Studies_Standards_2022_LS.pdf",
          "citation": "Arkansas Grade 8 Social Studies Standards 2022, E.6",
          "publisher": "Arkansas Division of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "CA",
      "name": "California",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": []
    },
    {
      "abbr": "CO",
      "name": "Colorado",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2025a_1192_signed.pdf",
          "citation": "C.R.S. 22-32-135(4)(a), as amended by HB25-1192, section 3 (text read via OCR of the scanned signed act)",
          "publisher": "Colorado General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2025a_1192_signed.pdf",
          "citation": "HB25-1192, section 1(1)(b) (legislative declaration)",
          "publisher": "Colorado General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2021a_1200_signed.pdf",
          "citation": "C.R.S. 22-7-1005(2.8), added by HB21-1200, section 2",
          "publisher": "Colorado General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1783965041/cdestatecous/io0igvjtksi3qmdnakiu/ColoradoAcademicStandards-FinancialLiteracyStandardsP-12adopted2022.pdf",
          "citation": "Colorado Academic Standards: Financial Literacy, Kindergarten GLE FL.K.5.1 (adopted by State Board of Education November 2022)",
          "publisher": "Colorado Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1783965041/cdestatecous/io0igvjtksi3qmdnakiu/ColoradoAcademicStandards-FinancialLiteracyStandardsP-12adopted2022.pdf",
          "citation": "Colorado Academic Standards: Financial Literacy, P-12, adopted 2022",
          "publisher": "Colorado Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1783965041/cdestatecous/io0igvjtksi3qmdnakiu/ColoradoAcademicStandards-FinancialLiteracyStandardsP-12adopted2022.pdf",
          "citation": "Colorado Academic Standards: Financial Literacy, Grade 8 page FL.8.5.1",
          "publisher": "Colorado Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ed.cde.state.co.us/cofinancialliteracy",
          "citation": "CDE Financial Literacy page",
          "publisher": "Colorado Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ed.cde.state.co.us/cofinancialliteracy",
          "citation": "CDE summary of C.R.S. 22-32-135 (2004)",
          "publisher": "Colorado Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb25-1192",
          "citation": "HB25-1192, 2025 Regular Session (bill page: signed 2025-05-23, effective 2025-08-06)",
          "publisher": "Colorado General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "CT",
      "name": "Connecticut",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_164.htm",
          "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 10-16b(a) (as amended by P.A. 23-21); the listed subject matter includes personal financial management and financial literacy",
          "publisher": "Connecticut General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_164.htm",
          "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 10-16b(d) (list includes (6) personal financial management, including financial literacy as developed in the plan under 10-16pp)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_164.htm",
          "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 10-25b(a), (b)(3)(F) (model curriculum to include and integrate personal financial management and financial literacy)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_164.htm",
          "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 10-16pp(a)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_170.htm",
          "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 10-221a(d)(6)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_170.htm",
          "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. 10-221a(d)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sde/social-studies/socialstudiesstandards.pdf",
          "citation": "Connecticut Elementary and Secondary Social Studies Standards (2023), introduction",
          "publisher": "Connecticut State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sde/social-studies/socialstudiesstandards.pdf",
          "citation": "Connecticut Elementary and Secondary Social Studies Standards (2023), K.Eco.9.a",
          "publisher": "Connecticut State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sde/social-studies/socialstudiesstandards.pdf",
          "citation": "Connecticut Elementary and Secondary Social Studies Standards (2023), 2.Eco.1.a (continues: budgeting, rationing)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sde/board/minutes2023/minutes_sbe_100423.pdf",
          "citation": "Connecticut State Board of Education meeting minutes, October 4, 2023, item VII.B. (draft minutes: motion carried unanimously)",
          "publisher": "Connecticut State Board of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "DE",
      "name": "Delaware",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Delaware K-12 Financial Literacy Standards (State Board approved January 2018)",
          "year": "2018"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Standards exist for K-3, 4-5 and 6-8 clusters. Regulation 501 (as amended in 2018, read in the Register notice) adopts them as the basis for curriculum, with local curricula to align on a Department timeline; it does not name a grade or course in which financial literacy must be taught. The 2026 Department report (HR 31) describes standards implementation as local curricula aligned to the standards and mentions K-8 scope and sequence resources. The current codified text of 14 DE Admin. Code 501 on regulations.delaware.gov (a script-rendered site) was not read; the 2018 Register notice was used instead."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "1/2 credit in financial literacy, as part of social studies or elective credits",
        "effective_date": "Students entering grade 9 in the 2026-2027 school year",
        "notes": "14 Del. C. 4152 (added by 85 Del. Laws c. 224, signed September 19, 2025) requires school districts and charter schools serving high school students to provide the course; the Session Law text also says the half credit must align to the current Financial Literacy Standards."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title14/c041/sc01/index.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Online",
          "citation": "14 Del. C. 4152(b)",
          "excerpt": "A school district or charter school serving high school students shall provide, at a minimum, a ½ credit on financial literacy.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title14/c041/sc01/index.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Online",
          "citation": "14 Del. C. 4152(c)",
          "excerpt": "Beginning with students entering grade 9 in the 2026 through 2027 school year, students must successfully complete a ½ credit in financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/SessionLaws/Chapter?id=42387",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Delaware General Assembly, Laws of Delaware",
          "citation": "85 Del. Laws c. 224 (153rd G.A., formerly HS 1 for HB 203 as amended by SA 1), adding 14 Del. C. section 4150 as enacted (codified as 4152(f) per session law numbering)",
          "excerpt": "The ½ credit must be aligned to the current Financial Literacy Standards.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://archive.regulations.delaware.gov/register/february2018/final/21%20DE%20Reg%20625%2002-01-18.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Delaware Department of Education / State Board of Education (Delaware Register of Regulations archive)",
          "citation": "14 DE Admin. Code 501, section 1.1.1.3 (final order, 21 DE Reg. 625, Feb. 1, 2018)",
          "excerpt": "Effective with the 2018-19 school year, the Financial Literacy Content Standards shall be adopted.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://archive.regulations.delaware.gov/register/february2018/final/21%20DE%20Reg%20625%2002-01-18.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Delaware Department of Education / State Board of Education (Delaware Register of Regulations archive)",
          "citation": "21 DE Reg. 625 (Feb. 1, 2018), summary of evidence, amending 14 DE Admin. Code 501",
          "excerpt": "Any financial literacy curriculum used by the districts and charter schools would need to be aligned to these new standards",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://education.delaware.gov/legacy/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2024/06/de_final_k-12_fin_lit_standards_jan_2018.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Delaware Department of Education",
          "citation": "Delaware K-12 Financial Literacy Standards (Jan. 2018), Standard Two, grade cluster 6-8",
          "excerpt": "6-8: Students will establish a budget and compare various payment methods that can be used to buy goods and services.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://education.delaware.gov/legacy/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2024/06/de_final_k-12_fin_lit_standards_jan_2018.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Delaware Department of Education",
          "citation": "Delaware K-12 Financial Literacy Standards (Jan. 2018), Standard Two, grade cluster K-3",
          "excerpt": "K-3: Students will examine how planning for spending can help individuals and households make informed choices.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://education.delaware.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HR31_FinLitReport_FINAL_version.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Delaware Department of Education",
          "citation": "Delaware Department of Education, HR 31 Financial Literacy Curriculum Alignment Study report (2026)",
          "excerpt": "In January 2018, the Delaware State Board of Education approved Financial Literacy Standards for grades K-12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "DC",
      "name": "District of Columbia",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Washington, DC K-12 Social Studies Standards, 2023 Standards (OSSE)",
          "year": "2023"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Items found in the social studies standards: K.24 (wants versus needs), K.25 (why people save money and resources), 1.32 (income), 1.34 (personal savings and spending) and 8.17 (policies and personal savings). Other grades and the math standards were not fully reviewed. D.C. Code 38-731.02 only directs the Mayor to submit a plan for financial literacy education in public schools; the text read does not set grade-level instruction. Whether the Council or Mayor acted on that plan was not researched. Legislative bill search for the current session (Council period 26) was not done reliably."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": false,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": "2024-25",
        "notes": "OSSE adopted Financial Literacy Standards (grades 9-12) in March 2024 after a State Board of Education vote; they are intended for a standalone elective course beginning school year 2024-25. The 5-A DCMR 2203 text read lists 24 Carnegie Units and does not name a financial literacy course (the PDF copy hosted by OSSE may not reflect later amendments)."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/38-731.02",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Council of the District of Columbia",
          "citation": "D.C. Official Code 38-731.02 (D.C. Law 17-209, 55 DCR 6979)",
          "excerpt": "a plan for the implementation of financial literacy education in public schools.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://osse.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/osse/page_content/attachments/Adopted%20Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Office of the State Superintendent of Education",
          "citation": "Washington, DC K-12 Social Studies Standards, 2023, Economics K.25",
          "excerpt": "K.25 Explain why people try to save money and resources.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://osse.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/osse/page_content/attachments/Adopted%20Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Office of the State Superintendent of Education",
          "citation": "Washington, DC K-12 Social Studies Standards, 2023, Grade 1 standard 1.34",
          "excerpt": "Explain how wealth and scarcity affect individual and group power and the ability to make decisions about personal savings and spending.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://osse.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/osse/page_content/attachments/Adopted%20Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Office of the State Superintendent of Education",
          "citation": "Washington, DC K-12 Social Studies Standards, 2023, Grade 8 standard 8.17",
          "excerpt": "Evaluate the efficacy of different government policies in helping individuals increase their personal savings and economic resilience.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://osse.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/osse/page_content/attachments/Financial%20Literacy%20Standards%20-%20Final.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Office of the State Superintendent of Education",
          "citation": "OSSE Financial Literacy Standards (Grades 9-12), adopted March 2024",
          "excerpt": "The financial literacy standards are intended to be implemented as a standalone, elective course for District high school",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://osse.dc.gov/release/osse-adopts-financial-literacy-standards-district-columbia-high-school-students",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Office of the State Superintendent of Education",
          "citation": "OSSE press release, March 2024",
          "excerpt": "adopted Financial Literacy Standards for all DC high school students following a vote from the State Board of Education (SBOE) on Wednesday, March 20, 2024.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://osse.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/osse/page_content/attachments/2203%20Academic%20Requirements.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Office of the State Superintendent of Education (copy of District of Columbia Municipal Regulations)",
          "citation": "5-A DCMR 2203.3 (Academic Requirements)",
          "excerpt": "A total of twenty-four (24) Carnegie Units in corresponding subjects and",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "FL",
      "name": "Florida",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "4",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Next Generation Sunshine State Standards for Social Studies (Financial Literacy strand added, revised June 2014)",
          "year": "2014"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The 2014 standards document read lists Financial Literacy strand benchmarks (SS.4.FL and SS.8.FL) within the social studies standards for grades 4 and 8. Section 1003.42(1)(a) requires districts to provide instruction designed to ensure students meet State Board adopted standards in social studies, which is a general subject-level requirement and does not name financial literacy or a K-8 grade. Whether these 2014 benchmarks remain the current version, and whether other K-8 grades carry financial literacy benchmarks, was not confirmed because fldoe.org and CPALMS standards pages could not be read. Treat as a judgement call."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One-half credit in personal financial literacy and money management",
        "effective_date": "Students entering grade 9 in the 2023-2024 school year and thereafter",
        "notes": "Section 1003.4282(3)(h) lists topics including bank accounts, balancing a checkbook, money management, credit and debt, and completing a loan application."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/1003.4282",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "The Florida Senate (Online Sunshine, Florida Statutes)",
          "citation": "Fla. Stat. s. 1003.4282(3)(h) (2025)",
          "excerpt": "Beginning with students entering grade 9 in the 2023-2024 school year, each student must earn one-half credit in personal financial literacy and money management.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/1003.41",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "The Florida Senate (Online Sunshine, Florida Statutes)",
          "citation": "Fla. Stat. s. 1003.41(2)(d) (2025)",
          "excerpt": "Social Studies standards must establish specific curricular content for, at a minimum, geography, United States and world history, government, civics, humanities, economics, and financial literacy.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/1003.42",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "The Florida Senate (Online Sunshine, Florida Statutes)",
          "citation": "Fla. Stat. s. 1003.42(1)(a) (2025)",
          "excerpt": "appropriate instruction designed to ensure that students meet State Board of Education adopted standards in the following subject areas",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://cdn.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/5444/urlt/0074986-financial.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Florida Department of Education",
          "citation": "NGSSS Social Studies, Financial Literacy strand, Grade 4, benchmark SS.4.FL.3.1 (revised June 2014)",
          "excerpt": "SS.4.FL.3.1 Identify ways that income is saved, spent on goods and services, or used to pay taxes.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://cdn.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/5444/urlt/0074986-financial.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Florida Department of Education",
          "citation": "NGSSS Social Studies, Financial Literacy strand, Grade 8, benchmark SS.8.FL.3.5 (revised June 2014)",
          "excerpt": "SS.8.FL.3.5 Identify principal as the initial amount of money upon which interest is paid.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://cdn.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/5444/urlt/0074986-financial.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Florida Department of Education",
          "citation": "NGSSS Social Studies, Addition of Financial Literacy Strand, History section (revised June 2014)",
          "excerpt": "The addition of a Financial Literacy strand is required by legislation passed in 2013 amending s. 1003.41, F.S.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "GA",
      "name": "Georgia",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://gov.georgia.gov/document/2022-signed-legislation/sb-220/download",
          "citation": "O.C.G.A. 20-2-149.4(b), as enacted by SB 220 (2022), as passed",
          "publisher": "Office of the Governor of Georgia (signed legislation)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gov.georgia.gov/document/2022-signed-legislation/sb-220/download",
          "citation": "O.C.G.A. 20-2-149.4(a), as enacted by SB 220 (2022), as passed",
          "publisher": "Office of the Governor of Georgia (signed legislation)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gadoe.org/learning/social-studies/",
          "citation": "Georgia Department of Education, Social Studies page (Georgia K-12 Social Studies Standards)",
          "publisher": "Georgia Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p0/CFPackages/a446e74c-463e-11e7-94f5-b49cee8b2d8c",
          "citation": "Georgia Standards of Excellence, Social Studies, SS4E2 (grade 4) and SS5E4 (grade 5)",
          "publisher": "Georgia Department of Education (CASE standards framework)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p0/CFPackages/a446e74c-463e-11e7-94f5-b49cee8b2d8c",
          "citation": "Georgia Standards of Excellence, Social Studies, SS1E4 (grade 1)",
          "publisher": "Georgia Department of Education (CASE standards framework)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p0/CFPackages/a446e74c-463e-11e7-94f5-b49cee8b2d8c",
          "citation": "Georgia Standards of Excellence, Social Studies, SS6E13 (grade 6) and SS7E10 (grade 7)",
          "publisher": "Georgia Department of Education (CASE standards framework)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://case.georgiastandards.org/ims/case/v1p0/CFPackages/a446e74c-463e-11e7-94f5-b49cee8b2d8c",
          "citation": "Georgia Standards of Excellence, Social Studies, SS8E3 (grade 8)",
          "publisher": "Georgia Department of Education (CASE standards framework)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "HI",
      "name": "Hawaii",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://hawaiipublicschools.org/2026-financial-literacy-requirement/",
          "citation": "HIDOE news release, Financial literacy requirement for Hawai‘i public school students to begin next school year",
          "publisher": "Hawaii State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://hawaiipublicschools.org/wp-content/uploads/Financial-Literacy-Standards.pdf",
          "citation": "HIDOE Financial Literacy Program Standards, released August 2025, Introduction",
          "publisher": "Hawaii State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/DOE%20Forms/Standards/HIDOEStandards_FinLit.pdf",
          "citation": "HIDOE Standards with Opportunities to Integrate Financial Literacy Concepts (12/12/16), Grade 1 Social Studies",
          "publisher": "Hawaii State Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "ID",
      "name": "Idaho",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "5"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Idaho Content Standards K-12 Social Studies",
          "year": "2025"
        },
        "is_mandate": null,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Personal finance appears as economics-strand standards in grades K-3 and 5; the grade 4 strand introduction mentions personal finance but no grade 4 standard covers it (for example saving, budgeting, banks, taxation). IDAPA 08.02.03 incorporates the social studies standards and says schools assure students meet locally developed standards with the state standards as a minimum, and that social studies includes economics at appropriate grade levels, but it contains no explicit requirement naming personal finance in a K-8 grade. Reading whether the adopted standards operate as a K-5 mandate is a judgement call. No personal finance strand was found in the grade 6-8 portion of the document."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "one (1) credit of economics and financial literacy; Idaho Code 33-1615 requires one or more personal financial literacy and money management courses",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "Idaho Code 33-1615 says completing the course fulfills the financial literacy component of the high school graduation requirement."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title33/T33CH16/SECT33-1615/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Legislature",
          "citation": "Idaho Code 33-1615",
          "excerpt": "shall provide to all students in grades 9 through 12 one (1) or more courses in personal financial literacy and money management.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title33/T33CH16/SECT33-1615/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Legislature",
          "citation": "Idaho Code 33-1615(3)",
          "excerpt": "Completing this course will fulfill the financial literacy component of the high school graduation requirement.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/08/080203.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Board of Education (Office of the Administrative Rules Coordinator)",
          "citation": "IDAPA 08.02.03.105.01.g",
          "excerpt": "and economics and financial literacy (one (1) credit).",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/08/080203.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Board of Education (Office of the Administrative Rules Coordinator)",
          "citation": "IDAPA 08.02.03.103.02.d",
          "excerpt": "Social Studies will include instruction in history, government, geography, economics, current world affairs, citizenship, and sociology.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/08/080203.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Board of Education (Office of the Administrative Rules Coordinator)",
          "citation": "IDAPA 08.02.03.103.01",
          "excerpt": "Schools will assure students meet locally developed standards with the state standards as a minimum.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/08/080203.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Board of Education (Office of the Administrative Rules Coordinator)",
          "citation": "IDAPA 08.02.03.004.01.g",
          "excerpt": "Social Studies, as revised and adopted on November 20, 2025.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sde.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/K-12-Social-Studies-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Idaho Content Standards K-12 Social Studies, K.SS.3.2",
          "excerpt": "Explain the benefits of saving money and give examples of how people use money to make purchases.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sde.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/K-12-Social-Studies-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Idaho Content Standards K-12 Social Studies, 2.SS.3.1",
          "excerpt": "Differentiate between the wants and needs of families and understand the purpose of a budget.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sde.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/K-12-Social-Studies-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Idaho Content Standards K-12 Social Studies, 3.SS.3.4",
          "excerpt": "Identify different examples of making an economic choice, including consumption of goods and services, using a bank, investing, and budgeting.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sde.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/K-12-Social-Studies-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Idaho Content Standards K-12 Social Studies, 5.SS.3.6",
          "excerpt": "Explain the impact of taxation on personal finance.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sde.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/K-12-Social-Studies-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Idaho State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Idaho Content Standards K-12 Social Studies, 9-12.EC.23",
          "excerpt": "Build a monthly budget for an individual or a family given their income, savings goals, taxes, and list of fixed and variable expenses.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "IL",
      "name": "Illinois",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science",
          "year": null
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The standards grid labels the Economics financial literacy strand as beginning in Grade 1 (codes SS.1.EC.FL through SS.5.EC and SS.6-8.EC.FL). The standards document describes its content as embedded in social science courses that 'do reflect state mandated content', but the statute or rule that requires districts to teach the standards was not read here because the Illinois General Assembly site blocked access; the status is therefore a judgement from the standards text and the ISBE summary of instructional mandates, which lists consumer education only for grades 9-12 and no K-8 financial education mandate. Grade-level coverage in grades 1-2 and 4-5 was read from the standards grid but is not separately excerpted."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "Consumer education for 50 minutes per day for nine weeks, or the equivalent, in any of grades 9-12; may be included in other courses or taught as a separate required course",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "ISBE's 2025-26 instructional mandates summary cites 105 ILCS 5/27-305 (renumbered by Public Act 104-0391, formerly Section 27-12.1) and 23 Ill. Admin. Code 1.420(k) and 1.440. The superintendent must keep evidence that each student received adequate consumer education before completing grade 12. Whether this counts as a graduation requirement was read from the ISBE summary and the administrative code, not from the statute text."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/IL-Social-Science-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science, Background",
          "excerpt": "Embedded within a variety of social science courses, the following standards do not necessarily require stand-alone courses but do reflect state mandated content.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/IL-Social-Science-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science, Economics, Financial Literacy, Grade 3, SS.3.EC.FL1",
          "excerpt": "SS.3.EC.FL1. Describe the role of banks and other financial institutions in an economy.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/IL-Social-Science-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science, Economics, Financial Literacy, Grades 6-8, SS.6-8.EC.FL.2.LC",
          "excerpt": "SS.6-8.EC.FL.2.LC. Explain the roles and relationships between savers, borrowers, interest, time, and the purposes for saving.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/IL-Social-Science-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science, Economics, Financial Literacy, Grades 6-8, SS.6-8.EC.FL.1.LC",
          "excerpt": "SS.6-8.EC.FL.1.LC. Analyze the relationship between skills, education, jobs, and income.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/IL-Mandated-Units-of-Study.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "ISBE Illinois Instructional Mandates 2025-26, Consumer Education, citing 105 ILCS 5/27-305 (renumbered by PA 104-0391)",
          "excerpt": "Pupils in the public schools in Grades 9-12 shall be taught and shall be required to study courses",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/Part-1-Rules.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "23 Ill. Admin. Code 1.420(k)(3)",
          "excerpt": "The minimal time allocation shall not be less than nine weeks or the equivalent for grades 9-12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.isbe.net/Documents/Part-1-Rules.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Illinois State Board of Education",
          "citation": "23 Ill. Admin. Code 1.420(k)(2)",
          "excerpt": "Consumer education may be included in course content of other courses, or it may be taught as a separate required course.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "IN",
      "name": "Indiana",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Indiana Academic Standards for Financial Literacy, Financial Literacy Standards for end of 8th Grade (archived)",
          "year": "2011"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "IDOE lists the 2011 grade 8 financial literacy standards in its archive section; the middle-level FACS course (grades 6-8) includes a Financial Literacy unit. The IDOE course guide describes grade 8 as a flexibility for schools, not a requirement. The statute text on iga.in.gov could not be read (page requires JavaScript), so the statute is cited through IDOE's description."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One semester Personal Finance course",
        "effective_date": "2029 cohort per the IDOE Personal Finance page; the IDOE 2025-2026 course guide says beginning with the 2028 student cohort",
        "notes": "IDOE sources differ on the starting cohort year (2028 vs 2029); the statute text was not read directly."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/doe/students/indiana-academic-standards/financial-literacy/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Indiana Department of Education",
          "citation": "IC 20-30-5-19 (as described by IDOE Personal Finance page)",
          "excerpt": "each school corporation, charter school, and state-accredited non-public school must include instruction concerning personal financial responsibility in its high school curriculum.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/doe/students/indiana-academic-standards/financial-literacy/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Indiana Department of Education",
          "citation": "IC 20-30-5-19; IDOE Personal Finance page",
          "excerpt": "The Indiana High School diploma requires one semester of a Personal Finance course to fulfill their mathematics requirements beginning with the 2029 cohort.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/doe/files/2025-2026-Elementary-and-Middle-School-Course-Titles-and-Descriptions.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Indiana Department of Education",
          "citation": "IDOE 2025-2026 Elementary and Middle School Course Titles and Descriptions, note 3 (IC 20-30-5-19)",
          "excerpt": "The Indiana SBOE defined eligible courses for use in fulfilling this graduation requirement along with flexibility to offer this instruction to grade eight students.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/doe/files/2025-2026-Elementary-and-Middle-School-Course-Titles-and-Descriptions.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Indiana Department of Education",
          "citation": "IDOE course 0492.68 Family and Consumer Sciences, Grades Six-Eight",
          "excerpt": "standards for five units of study that are essential for ALL students: Life and Careers, Financial Literacy, Nutrition and Wellness, Human Development, and Relationships.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/doe/files/middleschoolfinanciallit.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Indiana Department of Education",
          "citation": "Indiana Academic Standards, Financial Literacy Standards for end of 8th Grade (2011, archived)",
          "excerpt": "The 8th Grade Financial Literacy standards support Financial Literacy Education.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "IA",
      "name": "Iowa",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/256.7.pdf",
          "citation": "Iowa Code 256.7(26)(a)(3)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/256.7.pdf",
          "citation": "Iowa Code 256.7(26)(a)(3)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/chapter/281.12.pdf",
          "citation": "Iowa Administrative Code 281-12.5(16)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Legislature (Administrative Code, Department of Education chapter 12)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/media/6285/download",
          "citation": "Iowa Department of Education, Financial Literacy Guidance, Nov. 13, 2024",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/pk-12/standards/academics/21st-century-skills/financial-literacy",
          "citation": "Iowa Department of Education, 21st Century Skills: Financial Literacy page",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/media/5527/download?inline",
          "citation": "Iowa Academic Standards for Social Studies, January 2026, Organization and Structure of the Standards",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/media/5527/download?inline",
          "citation": "Iowa Academic Standards for Social Studies, January 2026, Grade 5 overview",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/media/5527/download?inline",
          "citation": "Iowa Academic Standards for Social Studies, January 2026, Grade 8 Financial Literacy (SS.8.38)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/media/5527/download?inline",
          "citation": "Iowa Academic Standards for Social Studies, January 2026, Kindergarten Needs and Wants (Financial Literacy) (SS.K.19)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/256.11.pdf",
          "citation": "Iowa Code 256.11(3)(a) (list does not name personal finance; grades 7-8 list at 256.11(4)(a) likewise)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/256.11.pdf",
          "citation": "Iowa Code 256.11(5)(k)(1)",
          "publisher": "Iowa Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/media/6285/download",
          "citation": "Iowa Department of Education, Financial Literacy Guidance, Nov. 13, 2024",
          "publisher": "Iowa Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "KS",
      "name": "Kansas",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "National Standards for Personal Financial Education (Council for Economic Education and Jump$tart Coalition), adopted as Kansas financial literacy K-12 standards",
          "year": "2022"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": true,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "K.S.A. 72-3236(c) requires the State Board to develop standards for all grade levels within mathematics or another appropriate subject; (b) says districts 'may use' the Board's curriculum. K.S.A. 72-3236(e) requires financial literacy questions in statewide mathematics or social studies assessments. The KSDE crosswalk (June 1, 2022) has sections for Kindergarten-Grade 4 and Grades 5-8. No text read requires a K-8 course or instruction in a named grade."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One-half unit (KSDE describes a one-semester course)",
        "effective_date": "Class of 2028",
        "notes": "KSDE says Kansas now requires one-half unit of financial literacy, starting with the Class of 2028 (KSDE page). The Kansas Register item is a notice of hearing on a proposed amendment to K.A.R. 91-31-35; the adopted regulation text was not read."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch72/072_032_0036.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes",
          "citation": "K.S.A. 72-3236(c)",
          "excerpt": "develop state curriculum standards for personal financial literacy, for all grade levels, within the existing mathematics curriculum or another appropriate subject-matter curriculum.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch72/072_032_0036.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes",
          "citation": "K.S.A. 72-3236(b)",
          "excerpt": "curriculum, materials and guidelines that local boards of education and governing authorities of accredited nonpublic schools may use in implementing the program of instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch72/072_032_0036.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes",
          "citation": "K.S.A. 72-3236(e)",
          "excerpt": "The state board of education shall include questions relating to personal financial literacy in the statewide assessments for mathematics or social studies",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ksde.gov/student-success/resources-by-subject-area/financial-literacy",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Kansas State Department of Education",
          "citation": "KSDE Financial Literacy webpage",
          "excerpt": "Kansas now requires high school students, starting with the Class of 2028, to complete a one‑semester financial literacy course to graduate.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ksde.gov/student-success/resources-by-subject-area/financial-literacy",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kansas State Department of Education",
          "citation": "KSDE Financial Literacy webpage, Standards section",
          "excerpt": "Jump$tart Coalition (Adopted by the Kansas Board of Education July 2022)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ksde.gov/docs/default-source/csas/financial-literacy-crosswalk.pdf?sfvrsn=c1156a27_4",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kansas State Department of Education",
          "citation": "KSDE Financial Literacy Crosswalk, June 1, 2022",
          "excerpt": "were adopted as the Kansas financial literacy K-12 standards",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-43/Issues/Issue-05/02-01-24-51829.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Kansas Secretary of State (Kansas Register)",
          "citation": "Kansas Register Vol. 43, Issue 5, Feb. 1, 2024: notice of hearing on a proposed amendment to K.A.R. 91-31-35",
          "excerpt": "an added requirement for one-half unit of financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ksde.gov/docs/default-source/csas/graduation-requirements-fact-sheet---class-of-2028-and-beyond.pdf?Status=Master&sfvrsn=fee11b5f_7",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Kansas State Department of Education",
          "citation": "KSDE Graduation Requirements Fact Sheet, Class of 2028 and beyond",
          "excerpt": "One half unit of financial literacy.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "KY",
      "name": "Kentucky",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Kentucky Academic Standards for Career Studies and Financial Literacy (incorporated by reference in 704 KAR 8:080)",
          "year": "2025"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The standards contain financial literacy strands for Primary (K-3), Intermediate (4-5) and Middle School (6-8). The standards document states that the Department does not require a specific curriculum and that local schools and districts choose how to meet the standards; it also states that all content teachers are responsible for providing instruction in career studies and financial literacy at the primary and intermediate levels. The text read was the Department's file of the standards prepared for the Board in May 2025 (material incorporated by reference); the final June 2025 version was not separately compared. No statute or regulation text read names a K-8 grade in which financial literacy instruction must be provided, and 704 KAR 8:080 directs the financial literacy domain to the high school graduation requirement while applying the essential skills domain (workplace ethics) to all grade bands. Whether the K-8 standards are enforced as required instruction through other regulations (for example, program of studies or local curriculum rules) was not examined."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One credit in financial literacy (accepted as an elective) for students entering grade 9 on or after July 1, 2025; one or more courses or programs meeting the standards for earlier entering classes",
        "effective_date": "2025-07-01",
        "notes": "KRS 158.1411 as amended by 2025 Ky. Acts ch. 58, effective June 27, 2025. The course must cover budgeting, saving and investing, credit and debt, insurance and risk management, taxes, and review of documents before signing."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=56188",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Legislative Research Commission",
          "citation": "KRS 158.1411(2)",
          "excerpt": "successful completion of a one (1) credit course in financial literacy shall be a Kentucky public high school graduation requirement.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=56188",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Legislative Research Commission",
          "citation": "KRS 158.1411(6)",
          "excerpt": "the Kentucky Board of Education shall promulgate administrative regulations establishing academic standards for financial literacy.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/704/008/080/16239/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Legislative Research Commission",
          "citation": "704 KAR 8:080, Section 1(1)",
          "excerpt": "The academic standards for career studies and financial literacy outline the minimum content standards that Kentucky students shall learn within each respective grade band.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/704/008/080/16239/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Legislative Research Commission",
          "citation": "704 KAR 8:080, Section 2(1)",
          "excerpt": "The \"Kentucky Academic Standards for Career Studies and Financial Literacy\", June 2025, is incorporated by reference.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ky.gov/districts/legal/Documents/MIR%20704%20KAR%208.080%20Kentucky%20Academic%20Standards%20for%20Career%20Studies%202025%20_5.5.25_931KBE.docx",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Department of Education",
          "citation": "Kentucky Academic Standards for Career Studies and Financial Literacy, Primary Grades K-3, FL.P.2",
          "excerpt": "FL.P.2 Explain the difference between buying and borrowing.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ky.gov/districts/legal/Documents/MIR%20704%20KAR%208.080%20Kentucky%20Academic%20Standards%20for%20Career%20Studies%202025%20_5.5.25_931KBE.docx",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Department of Education",
          "citation": "Kentucky Academic Standards for Career Studies and Financial Literacy, Intermediate Grades 4-5, FL.I.3",
          "excerpt": "FL.I.3 Explain how credit is used as a basic financial tool.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ky.gov/districts/legal/Documents/MIR%20704%20KAR%208.080%20Kentucky%20Academic%20Standards%20for%20Career%20Studies%202025%20_5.5.25_931KBE.docx",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Department of Education",
          "citation": "Kentucky Academic Standards for Career Studies and Financial Literacy, Middle School Grades 6-8, FL.M.5",
          "excerpt": "FL.M.5 Compare the costs and benefits of using credit to make good borrowing decisions.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ky.gov/districts/legal/Documents/MIR%20704%20KAR%208.080%20Kentucky%20Academic%20Standards%20for%20Career%20Studies%202025%20_5.5.25_931KBE.docx",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Kentucky Department of Education",
          "citation": "Kentucky Academic Standards for Career Studies and Financial Literacy, Implementation section",
          "excerpt": "Local schools and districts choose to meet those minimum required standards using a locally adopted curriculum.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "LA",
      "name": "Louisiana",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=80394",
          "citation": "La. R.S. 17:270(B)(1)",
          "publisher": "Louisiana State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=80394",
          "citation": "La. R.S. 17:270(C)",
          "publisher": "Louisiana State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://bese.louisiana.gov/docs/default-source/policy-page/28v115-(2).pdf",
          "citation": "LAC 28:CXV.2305(B) (Bulletin 741, LAC edition February 2026)",
          "publisher": "Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://bese.louisiana.gov/docs/default-source/policy-page/28v115-(2).pdf",
          "citation": "LAC 28:CXV.2305(B) (Bulletin 741)",
          "publisher": "Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doe.louisiana.gov/docs/default-source/academic-curriculum/k-12-louisiana-student-standards-for-social-studies.pdf?sfvrsn=df396518_2",
          "citation": "2022 K-12 Louisiana Student Standards for Social Studies, Kindergarten, Economics, K.14",
          "publisher": "Louisiana Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doe.louisiana.gov/docs/default-source/academic-curriculum/k-12-louisiana-student-standards-for-social-studies.pdf?sfvrsn=df396518_2",
          "citation": "2022 K-12 Louisiana Student Standards for Social Studies, Grade 3, Economics, 3.18",
          "publisher": "Louisiana Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "ME",
      "name": "Maine",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/20-A/title20-Asec4722.html",
          "citation": "20-A M.R.S. section 4722, subsection 2, paragraph B",
          "publisher": "Maine Legislature, Maine Revised Statutes",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/20-A/title20-Asec254.html",
          "citation": "20-A M.R.S. section 254, subsection 13",
          "publisher": "Maine Legislature, Maine Revised Statutes",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/20-A/title20-Asec6209.html",
          "citation": "20-A M.R.S. section 6209 (system of learning results; 7-year review cycle beginning 2025-2026)",
          "publisher": "Maine Legislature, Maine Revised Statutes",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MD",
      "name": "Maryland",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "elementary levels",
          "middle levels"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Maryland State Curriculum for Personal Financial Literacy Education (grade bands 3-5, 6-8, 9-12)",
          "year": "2016"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The regulation text itself could not be read from an official site; the requirement is read from the Maryland State Department of Education 2022-2023 report and a 2026 Department of Legislative Services fiscal note, which both describe it as covering the elementary and middle school learning levels. The regulation refers to learning levels rather than named grades; the state standards are written in grade bands 3-5, 6-8 and 9-12. A 2026 fiscal note says the State does not currently maintain a discrete statewide curriculum. The MSDE report describes local delivery at elementary and middle levels as integrated into reading, social studies and Family and Consumer Sciences classes. Proposed revised standards that would add kindergarten and grade 1 were reported by a secondary source as open for comment through 2026-10-16; this was not confirmed on an MSDE page."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": null,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "The MSDE report states that at the high school level financial literacy is embedded in courses required for graduation or offered as a stand-alone graduation requirement, depending on the local school system. HB 943 and SB 592 (2026) would add a state stand-alone course requirement; they are not law as far as the pages read show."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "HB 943",
          "session": "2026 Regular Session",
          "status": "In the House, Ways and Means; hearing scheduled 2/25 per bill page (last updated 6/30/2026); no later action listed",
          "link": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0943?ys=2026RS",
          "title": "State Board of Education - Financial Literacy - Graduation Requirement"
        },
        {
          "number": "SB 592",
          "session": "2026 Regular Session",
          "status": "In the Senate, Education, Energy, and the Environment; hearing 3/04 per bill page (last updated 6/30/2026); no later action listed",
          "link": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB0592?ys=2026RS",
          "title": "State Board of Education - Financial Literacy - Graduation Requirement"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/Exec/MSDE/ED4-111.1_2022-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Maryland State Department of Education",
          "citation": "MSDE Personal Financial Literacy Education 2022-2023 Report (ED4-111.1), quoting COMAR 13A.04.06",
          "excerpt": "adopted regulations requiring local school systems to implement a personal financial literacy education program of instruction for all students",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/Exec/MSDE/ED4-111.1_2022-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Maryland State Department of Education",
          "citation": "MSDE Personal Financial Literacy Education 2022-2023 Report (ED4-111.1), citing COMAR 13A.04.06",
          "excerpt": "at the elementary, middle and high school learning levels effective September 2011",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/Exec/MSDE/ED4-111.1_2022-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Maryland State Department of Education",
          "citation": "MSDE Personal Financial Literacy Education 2022-2023 Report, State Curriculum section",
          "excerpt": "organized in grade bands, (3-5, 6-8 and 9-12) rather than grade-by-grade",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/Exec/MSDE/ED4-111.1_2022-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Maryland State Department of Education",
          "citation": "MSDE Personal Financial Literacy Education 2022-2023 Report, Local Education Agency Responsiveness",
          "excerpt": "financial literacy is embedded in courses required for graduation",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/fnotes/bil_0002/sb0592.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Maryland General Assembly, Department of Legislative Services",
          "citation": "SB 592 (2026 Regular Session) Fiscal and Policy Note, Current Law, describing COMAR 13A.04.06",
          "excerpt": "each local school system must provide personal financial literacy programs in elementary, middle, and high schools",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/fnotes/bil_0002/sb0592.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Maryland General Assembly, Department of Legislative Services",
          "citation": "SB 592 (2026 Regular Session) Fiscal and Policy Note, State Expenditures",
          "excerpt": "Although Maryland maintains adopted State standards for personal financial literacy education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0943?ys=2026RS",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Maryland General Assembly",
          "citation": "HB 943 (2026 Regular Session), bill detail page",
          "excerpt": "Requiring the State Board of Education to establish a certain graduation requirement in financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB0592?ys=2026RS",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Maryland General Assembly",
          "citation": "SB 592 (2026 Regular Session), bill detail page",
          "excerpt": "Requiring the State Board of Education to establish a certain graduation requirement in financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.econed.org/maryland-financial-literacy-standards-under-review-for-first-major-update-since-2011/",
          "type": "secondary",
          "role": "crosscheck",
          "publisher": "Maryland Council on Economic Education (councilforeconed network, econed.org)",
          "citation": "Maryland Council on Economic Education news item on proposed revised K-12 financial literacy standards",
          "excerpt": "For the first time, the standards include financial literacy content for students in kindergarten and first grade",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MA",
      "name": "Massachusetts",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "1",
          "2"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science (2018)",
          "year": "2018"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Personal finance topics found in K-8 are within economics strands (earning income, buying goods and services, saving); the framework's separate Personal Financial Literacy standards are labelled High School Standards. Grades 3-8 economics content was not reviewed line by line. No statute or rule found that requires teaching these standards."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": null,
        "course_length": "Standards designed to be taught for a quarter to a half of a school year",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "The framework says the personal financial literacy standards may be used as stand-alone electives or integrated into other subjects. No primary source on a graduation requirement was located in this review."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "H.4670",
          "session": "194th General Court (2025-2026)",
          "status": "Passed House 155-0 on 2025-10-29; referred to Senate Committee on Ways and Means 2025-10-30",
          "link": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H4670",
          "title": "An Act relative to personal financial literacy education"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXII/Chapter69/Section1D",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court",
          "citation": "M.G.L. c. 69, section 1D",
          "excerpt": "The board may also include the teaching of family life skills, financial literacy and consumer skills, and basic career exploration and employability skills.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/hss/2018-12.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science (2018), Grade 1 and Grade 2, Topic: Economics: resources and choices, standard 9",
          "excerpt": "Compare and contrast reasons why people save some of their money",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/hss/2018-12.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science (2018), Kindergarten introduction",
          "excerpt": "reasons for working, using money, and purchasing goods and services",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/hss/2018-12.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science (2018), High School Electives overview",
          "excerpt": "financial literacy and news/media literacy are included and may be used as stand-alone electives or integrated into a variety of other subjects",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/hss/2018-12.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science (2018), High School Standards for Personal Financial Literacy",
          "excerpt": "These standards, designed to be taught for a quarter to a half of a school year",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H4670/House/Bill/Text",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court",
          "citation": "H.4670 (194th General Court), proposed M.G.L. c. 71, section 102(a)",
          "excerpt": "Every school district shall, for the purpose of educating middle school and high school students, provide instruction on personal financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H4670/BillHistory",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court",
          "citation": "H.4670 bill history, 2025-10-29; Senate referral 2025-10-30",
          "excerpt": "Passed to be engrossed - 155 YEAS to 0 NAYS",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H627",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court",
          "citation": "H.627 bill history, 2025-10-29",
          "excerpt": "New draft substituted, see H4670",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MI",
      "name": "Michigan",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-380-1278a",
          "citation": "MCL 380.1278a(3)",
          "publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-380-1165",
          "citation": "MCL 380.1165(1)",
          "publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-380-1165",
          "citation": "MCL 380.1165(2)",
          "publisher": "Michigan Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MN",
      "name": "Minnesota",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/3501.1350/",
          "citation": "Minn. R. 3501.1350, subp. 3(C)",
          "publisher": "Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/3501.1350/",
          "citation": "Minn. R. 3501.1350, subp. 1",
          "publisher": "Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/3501.1350/",
          "citation": "Minn. R. 3501.1350 (effective date)",
          "publisher": "Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/120B.021",
          "citation": "Minn. Stat. 120B.021, subd. 1(a)(4)",
          "publisher": "Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/120B.024",
          "citation": "Minn. Stat. 120B.024, subd. 1(b)",
          "publisher": "Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MS",
      "name": "Mississippi",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Social Studies (2022 filing; kindergarten and grade 2 money standards cited)",
          "year": "2022"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Section 25 of SB 2294 applies from the 2027-2028 school year and says the components go within the existing curriculum offered in Grades 6-8; it applies to accredited schools including public charter schools. The text read does not say whether the content is assessed or separately funded (the bill's funding section refers to Sections 13 through 23, not Section 25). Separately, the 2022 social studies standards already include economics objectives in kindergarten through grade 2 (for example earning money, saving versus spending, budgets, financial institutions); that is standards content, not a mandate. State Board or Department of Education implementing standards for Grades 6-8 were not located; mdek12.org was not accessible."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One-half Carnegie Unit personal finance course, or a full Carnegie Unit course where at least one-half of the course standards concern financial literacy",
        "effective_date": "Graduating class of 2032",
        "notes": "Section 25(3) of SB 2294 sets this requirement for Grade 9, 10, 11 or 12. Before this act, Section 37-7-301 allowed (but did not require) district school boards to implement a financial literacy program for Grades 10 and 11, and a 2020 College- and Career-Readiness course curriculum filed with the Secretary of State includes a Financial Literacy unit. A news report quoting a Department of Education official says students taking the College- and Career-Readiness course meet the requirement; that was not confirmed in primary text."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/html/SB/2200-2299/SB2294SG.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Legislature",
          "citation": "SB 2294 (2026 Regular Session), Section 25(2), the J.P. Wilemon, Jr., Financial Literacy Act",
          "excerpt": "Beginning in the 2027-2028 school year, the State Board of Education shall incorporate financial literacy components within the existing curriculum offered in Grades 6-8.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/html/SB/2200-2299/SB2294SG.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Legislature",
          "citation": "SB 2294 (2026 Regular Session), Section 25(3); amends Miss. Code Ann. 37-16-7 effective July 1, 2027 (Section 26)",
          "excerpt": "each student, during Grade 9, 10, 11 or 12, shall take and pass a one-half (1/2) Carnegie Unit course in personal finance",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2026/pdf/history/SB/SB2294.xml",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Legislature",
          "citation": "SB 2294 (2026 Regular Session) bill status history; status Law; effective July 1, 2026 (Section 32)",
          "excerpt": "04/08 Approved by Governor",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/html/SB/2200-2299/SB2294SG.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Legislature",
          "citation": "Miss. Code Ann. 37-7-301(rr) (pre-July 1, 2027 text as reproduced in SB 2294, Section 27)",
          "excerpt": "(rr) To implement a financial literacy program for students in Grades 10 and 11.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sos.ms.gov/adminsearch/ACProposed/00026579b.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Secretary of State (Administrative Code filing of State Board of Education standards)",
          "citation": "Miss. Admin. Code Title 7, Part 193: Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Social Studies (2022), Standard K.E.1",
          "excerpt": "Distinguish saving from spending.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sos.ms.gov/adminsearch/ACProposed/00026579b.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Secretary of State (Administrative Code filing of State Board of Education standards)",
          "citation": "Miss. Admin. Code Title 7, Part 193 (2022), Standard 2.E.4",
          "excerpt": "Identify various types of financial institutions and their role in the",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sos.ms.gov/adminsearch/ACProposed/00024853b.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Mississippi Secretary of State (Administrative Code filing of State Board of Education curriculum)",
          "citation": "Miss. Admin. Code Title 7, Part 212: Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Course Curriculum (2020), Unit 6: Financial Literacy",
          "excerpt": "Compare sources of personal income and compensation and analyze factors that affect net income.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.wlox.com/2026/07/27/mississippi-financial-literacy-mandate-increases-economic-knowledge-statewide/",
          "type": "secondary",
          "role": "crosscheck",
          "publisher": "WLOX",
          "citation": "WLOX / RHCJC News, July 26, 2026 (news report on SB 2294)",
          "excerpt": "Beginning with the 2027-28 school year, Mississippi public schools will be required to provide financial literacy instruction for students in grades 6-8.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MO",
      "name": "Missouri",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Missouri Learning Standards, Social Studies Grades K-5 (State Board of Education, 2016)",
          "year": "2016"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The K-5 social studies standards have a strand 'Knowledge of economic concepts and principles' with items on using money, income, labor and wages, and saving versus financial investment. Which item sits in which grade column could not be read reliably from the PDF text extraction, so grades are not listed. The dedicated Personal Finance course level expectations are labeled Grades 9-12. No Missouri statute or State Board rule requiring K-8 financial education was found; the Code of State Regulations (sos.mo.gov) could not be checked."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "one-half credit",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "DESE states the State Board revised graduation requirements in 2006 to include one-half credit of Personal Finance and that students must earn it; the rule text in the Code of State Regulations was not accessible (sos.mo.gov blocked automated access). 2026 bills (HCS HBs 2303 & 2867, a committee substitute; SB 1778) would put a one-half unit requirement in statute starting 2027-28."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "SB 1778",
          "session": "2026 Regular Session",
          "status": "Second Read and Referred S Education Committee (as of retrieval; no later action seen)",
          "link": "https://www.senate.mo.gov/BillTracking/Bills/BillInformation?year=2026&billid=6616220",
          "title": "Establishes provisions relating to personal finance curriculum requirements for public school students"
        },
        {
          "number": "HCS HBs 2303 & 2867",
          "session": "2026 Regular Session",
          "status": "Committee substitute voted Do Pass by Financial Institutions (14-0) and Rules-Administrative (10-0); later action and final disposition not confirmed",
          "link": "https://documents.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills261/sumpdf/HB2303C.pdf",
          "title": "Personal finance curriculum in schools"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://dese.mo.gov/college-career-readiness/curriculum/social-studies",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "DESE, Social Studies & Personal Finance page (Personal Finance Assessment section)",
          "excerpt": "As part of their curriculum, students in Missouri must earn a 1/2 credit in the area of Personal Finance.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.mo.gov/college-career-readiness/curriculum/missouri-learning-standards",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "DESE, Missouri Learning Standards page (Personal Finance); State Board of Education action 2006, standards approved September 2017",
          "excerpt": "the State Board of Education revised graduation requirements for Missouri’s students to include one-half credit of Personal Finance.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.mo.gov/sites/g/files/zuston521/files/media/pdf/2026/04/curr-mls-standards-ss-k-5-sboe-2016_AOD.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Missouri Learning Standards, Social Studies K-5, strand 4 Knowledge of economic concepts and principles (SBOE 2016)",
          "excerpt": "Compare and contrast saving and financial investment.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.mo.gov/sites/g/files/zuston521/files/media/pdf/2026/04/curr-mls-standards-ss-k-5-sboe-2016_AOD.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Missouri Learning Standards, Social Studies K-5, strand 4 Knowledge of economic concepts and principles (SBOE 2016)",
          "excerpt": "Demonstrate how people use money to buy and sell goods and services.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dese.mo.gov/sites/g/files/zuston521/files/media/pdf/2026/04/curr-mls-personal-finance-cle-sboe_AOD.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "citation": "Missouri Personal Finance Course Level Expectations, Grades 9-12 (DESE, Summer 2017)",
          "excerpt": "Personal Finance Course Level Expectations Grades 9-12",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://documents.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills261/sumpdf/HB2303C.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Missouri House of Representatives",
          "citation": "HCS HBs 2303 & 2867 (2026 Regular Session), committee summary",
          "excerpt": "starting in the 2027-28 school year, must require students to complete a one-half unit of credit in personal finance",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.senate.mo.gov/BillTracking/Bills/BillInformation?year=2026&billid=6616220",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Missouri Senate",
          "citation": "SB 1778 (2026 Regular Session), bill summary",
          "excerpt": "each school district shall require every student, after completion of 9th grade, to complete one-half unit of credit in personal finance",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "MT",
      "name": "Montana",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0200/chapter_0010/part_0010/section_0020/0200-0010-0010-0020.html",
          "citation": "MCA 20-1-102(9) (Legislative goals for public elementary and secondary schools)",
          "publisher": "Montana Legislature (Montana Code Annotated)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://opifiles.mt.gov/Portals/182/Page%20Files/K-12%20Content%20Standards%20&%20Revision/Math/Appendix%20C%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20the%20Mathematics%20Content%20Standards_2025.07.02.pdf",
          "citation": "Montana Mathematics Content Standards, Appendix C (OPI, 2025-07-02)",
          "publisher": "Montana Office of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://opifiles.mt.gov/Portals/182/Page%20Files/K-12%20Content%20Standards%20&%20Revision/Math/Appendix%20C%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20the%20Mathematics%20Content%20Standards_2025.07.02.pdf",
          "citation": "Montana Mathematics Content Standards, Appendix C (OPI, 2025-07-02); ARM 10.55.905",
          "publisher": "Montana Office of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://news.mt.gov/Office-of-Public-Instruction/Superintendent-Arntzen-Acknowledges-the-Importance-of-Changing-New-Graduation-Requirement-Effective-Date",
          "citation": "ARM 10.55.905; Board of Public Education action, per OPI news release",
          "publisher": "Montana Office of Public Instruction (news.mt.gov)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://news.mt.gov/Office-of-Public-Instruction/Superintendent-Arntzen-Acknowledges-the-Importance-of-Changing-New-Graduation-Requirement-Effective-Date",
          "citation": "ARM 10.55.905; Board of Public Education action, per OPI news release",
          "publisher": "Montana Office of Public Instruction (news.mt.gov)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://news.mt.gov/Office-of-Public-Instruction/Superintendent-Arntzen-Applauds-Montana-Board-of-Public-Education-for-Recognizing-the-Importance-of-Financial-Literacy-and-Civics-Education",
          "citation": "Board of Public Education action of 2023-01-13, per OPI news release",
          "publisher": "Montana Office of Public Instruction (news.mt.gov)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://archive.legmt.gov/content/Committees/Interim/2023-2024/Education/Meetings/september-2023/edic-ch55-pbe-summary-sep-2023.pdf",
          "citation": "ARM 10.55.904 as summarized in Chapter 55 summary to Education Interim Committee, Sept 2023",
          "publisher": "Montana Legislature, Education Interim Committee (summary of Board of Public Education rules)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NE",
      "name": "Nebraska",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "elementary schools",
          "middle schools"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Nebraska Social Studies Standards (approved by the State Board of Education November 8, 2019)",
          "year": "2019"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The statute says 'elementary and middle schools' and 'as appropriate' without naming grades; the Department's guidance describes this as grades K-8 and says it applies only to public schools. The 2019 social studies standards list Financial Literacy indicators at grades K, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 and mark grades 5, 6 and 7 'Not addressed at this level'. Districts report annually to their school boards under 79-3004 on district-determined measures."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "one five-credit course in personal finance or financial literacy",
        "effective_date": "2023-24 school year",
        "notes": "79-729(2) begins 'Except as provided in subsection (4)' and applies to students attending a public school under 79-729(2)(a) and 79-3003; the Department's guidance describes the graduation requirement as applying to public and non-public schools, which differs from the statute text."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=79-3003",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Nebraska Legislature",
          "citation": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 79-3003 (Financial Literacy Act; Laws 2021, LB452, sec. 3; Laws 2022, LB1112, sec. 8)",
          "excerpt": "shall include financial literacy instruction, as appropriate, in the instructional program of its elementary and middle schools",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Financial-Literacy-Act-Guidance.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Education",
          "citation": "Nebraska Department of Education, Financial Literacy Act Guidance (January 2022)",
          "excerpt": "Financial literacy instruction in grades K-8 applies only to public schools and must be included in the instructional programs of elementary and middle schools",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Nebraska-Social-Studies-Standards-Final-11-2019.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Education",
          "citation": "Nebraska Social Studies Standards, approved by the Nebraska State Board of Education November 8, 2019, Grade 3",
          "excerpt": "SS 3.2.2 Evaluate choices and consequences for spending and saving.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Nebraska-Social-Studies-Standards-Final-11-2019.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nebraska Department of Education",
          "citation": "Nebraska Social Studies Standards, approved by the Nebraska State Board of Education November 8, 2019, Grade 8",
          "excerpt": "SS 8.2.2 Understand personal and business financial management.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=79-729",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Nebraska Legislature",
          "citation": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 79-729(2)(a)",
          "excerpt": "Beginning in school year 2023-24, at least five of the minimum credit hours shall be a high school course in personal finance or financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=79-3004",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nebraska Legislature",
          "citation": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 79-3004",
          "excerpt": "each school district shall provide an annual financial literacy status report to its school board",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NV",
      "name": "Nevada",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "high",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Nevada Academic Content Standards for Social Studies",
          "year": "2018"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Statute requires the instruction to be included within a course of study for which the Council has established standards, such as economics, mathematics or social studies. Grades 3-5 financial literacy standards appear within the grade-level social studies standards (e.g. SS.3.26, SS.3.27, SS.4.30, SS.5.36); grades 6-8 have a dedicated Financial Literacy section (SS.6-8.FL.1 to FL.11). Whether any assessment or dedicated funding applies to grades 3-8 was not found in the sources read."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One-half unit of credit in economics and financial literacy (version effective July 1, 2028; earlier version reads economics)",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "NRS 389.074 also covers grades 9-12. NRS 389.018 lists a half unit in economics and financial literacy among social studies credits, subject to a stated exception. The 2018 standards include a Grades 9-12 Financial Literacy section."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-389.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Nevada Legislature (Nevada Revised Statutes)",
          "citation": "NRS 389.074(1)",
          "excerpt": "shall ensure that instruction in financial literacy is provided to pupils enrolled in grades 3 to 12, inclusive",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-389.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nevada Legislature (Nevada Revised Statutes)",
          "citation": "NRS 389.074(2)",
          "excerpt": "Included within a course of study for which the Council has established the relevant standards of content and performance",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-389.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Nevada Legislature (Nevada Revised Statutes)",
          "citation": "NRS 389.018 (version effective July 1, 2028)",
          "excerpt": "One-half unit of credit in economics and financial literacy.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://webapp-strapi-paas-prod-nde-001.azurewebsites.net/uploads/NVAC_Sfor_Social_Studies_ea0a1df6ac.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nevada Department of Education",
          "citation": "Nevada Academic Content Standards for Social Studies (rev. Sept 2018), SS.6-8.FL.4",
          "excerpt": "SS.6-8.FL.4. Discuss the components of a personal budget - including income, planned spending, expenses, and saving.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://webapp-strapi-paas-prod-nde-001.azurewebsites.net/uploads/NVAC_Sfor_Social_Studies_ea0a1df6ac.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Nevada Department of Education",
          "citation": "Nevada Academic Content Standards for Social Studies (rev. Sept 2018), SS.3.27",
          "excerpt": "SS.3.27. Describe the difference between saving and spending.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://archive.leg.state.nv.us/Session/83rd2025/Bills/SB/SB229.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Nevada Legislature",
          "citation": "S.B. 229 (2025), as introduced",
          "excerpt": "making certain requirements relating to the provision of instruction in financial literacy to pupils enrolled in grades 3 to 12, inclusive, applicable",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NH",
      "name": "New Hampshire",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XV/189/189-10.htm",
          "citation": "RSA 189:10, III",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire General Court, Revised Statutes Annotated",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XV/189/189-10.htm",
          "citation": "RSA 189:10, III",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire General Court, Revised Statutes Annotated",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XV/193-E/193-E-2-a.htm",
          "citation": "RSA 193-E:2-a, II",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire General Court, Revised Statutes Annotated",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XV/193-E/193-E-2-a.htm",
          "citation": "RSA 193-E:2-a, I(a)(10)",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire General Court, Revised Statutes Annotated",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rules/state_agencies/ed300.html",
          "citation": "N.H. Code Admin. R. Ed 306.23(h), Table 306-2",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire State Board of Education, administrative rules Ed 300 (hosted by the General Court)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rules/state_agencies/ed300.html",
          "citation": "N.H. Code Admin. R. Ed 306.28(c)",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire State Board of Education, administrative rules Ed 300 (hosted by the General Court)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rules/state_agencies/ed300.html",
          "citation": "N.H. Code Admin. R. Ed 306.21(c)(2)(i)",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire State Board of Education, administrative rules Ed 300 (hosted by the General Court)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/rules/state_agencies/ed300.html",
          "citation": "N.H. Code Admin. R. Ed 306.37(b)",
          "publisher": "New Hampshire State Board of Education, administrative rules Ed 300 (hosted by the General Court)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NJ",
      "name": "New Jersey",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "high",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "2020 New Jersey Student Learning Standards - Career Readiness, Life Literacies, and Key Skills (Standard 9.1 Personal Financial Literacy)",
          "year": "2020"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The statute requires instruction in each of grades 6-8 meeting State Board requirements, covering budgeting, savings, credit, debt, insurance, investment and other personal financial responsibility topics, and directs the Commissioner to provide sample materials. It does not say whether delivery is a standalone course. The standards (9.1) have expectations by the end of grades 2, 5, 8 and 12 and are described as intended for integration across K-12 content areas. The N.J.A.C. 6A:8 chapter as retrieved does not separately mention middle school financial literacy."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "At least 2.5 credits in financial, economic, business, and entrepreneurial literacy",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "Part of local graduation requirements under N.J.A.C. 6A:8-5.1(a) for a State-endorsed diploma; the credit may be in financial, economic, business, or entrepreneurial literacy."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "S3462",
          "session": "2026-2027 (222nd Legislature)",
          "status": "Introduced February 9, 2026; current status not confirmed (legislature bill status page could not be read)",
          "link": "https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2026/S3500/3462_I1.PDF",
          "title": "Requires high school students to receive financial literacy instruction (amends P.L.2018, c.167; would allow grades 6-8 instruction in an appropriate place in the curriculum and add a one-semester or one-trimester high school course)"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2018/PL18/167_.HTM",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "New Jersey Legislature",
          "citation": "P.L. 2018, c.167, s.1 (N.J.S.A. 18A:35-4.34), approved January 3, 2019",
          "excerpt": "incorporate in each of the grades six through eight financial literacy instruction to pupils enrolled in those grades.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2018/PL18/167_.HTM",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New Jersey Legislature",
          "citation": "P.L. 2018, c.167, s.1 (N.J.S.A. 18A:35-4.34)",
          "excerpt": "include content on budgeting, savings, credit, debt, insurance, investment, and other issues associated with personal financial responsibility as determined by the State board.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nj.gov/education/code/current/title6a/chap8.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "New Jersey Department of Education / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "N.J.A.C. 6A:8-5.1(a)1",
          "excerpt": "At least 2.5 credits in financial, economic, business, and entrepreneurial literacy;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/education/standards/clicks/Docs/2020NJSLS-9.1FinancialLiteracy.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New Jersey Department of Education",
          "citation": "2020 NJSLS - Career Readiness, Life Literacies, and Key Skills, Standard 9.1 Personal Financial Literacy (June 2020)",
          "excerpt": "these standards ensure a robust and comprehensive education in financial literacy from early elementary grades through high school.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/education/standards/clicks/Docs/2020NJSLS-9.1FinancialLiteracy.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New Jersey Department of Education",
          "citation": "2020 NJSLS-CLKS, performance expectation 9.1.2.FP.2",
          "excerpt": "9.1.2.FP.2: Differentiate between financial wants and needs.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2026/S3500/3462_I1.PDF",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "New Jersey Legislature",
          "citation": "Senate Bill S3462 (222nd Legislature), introduced February 9, 2026",
          "excerpt": "Requires high school students to receive financial literacy instruction.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NM",
      "name": "New Mexico",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Social Studies standards, 6.29.11 NMAC (economics and personal financial literacy strand)",
          "year": "2022"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The rule applies to all public schools and states what students shall demonstrate in each grade; the personal financial literacy performance indicators sit inside social studies. No statute or rule found that separately requires a financial literacy course or instruction time in K-8 (Section 22-13-1 NMSA was not read)."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": null,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": "2025-2026 school year (students entering ninth grade)",
        "notes": "HB 171 (2024), read as a bill version and not confirmed as enacted from a non-bill source, would amend Section 22-13-1.1 NMSA. Its text lists a government and economics and personal financial literacy course among four units in social science, says financial literacy shall be offered as an elective, and lets a financial literacy course qualify for a mathematics unit. A standalone financial literacy course is not required by this text."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title06/06.029.0011.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "New Mexico State Records Center and Archives (NMAC)",
          "citation": "6.29.11.6 NMAC (effective 2/22/2022)",
          "excerpt": "This rule establishes the academic content and performance standards for social studies for grades kindergarten through 12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title06/06.029.0011.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New Mexico State Records Center and Archives (NMAC)",
          "citation": "6.29.11.8 NMAC (kindergarten), Economics and personal financial literacy B(3)",
          "excerpt": "The student shall demonstrate an understanding of personal financial literacy by recognizing personal finance choices people make.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title06/06.029.0011.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New Mexico State Records Center and Archives (NMAC)",
          "citation": "6.29.11.16 NMAC (eighth grade), Economics and personal financial literacy B(5)(c)",
          "excerpt": "illustrating the power of compounding to highlight the importance of investing at a young age.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/24%20Regular/final/HB0171.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "New Mexico Legislature",
          "citation": "Section 22-13-1.1 NMSA 1978 as amended by HB 171 (2024 Regular Session)",
          "excerpt": "Financial literacy shall be offered as an elective.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/24%20Regular/final/HB0171.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "New Mexico Legislature",
          "citation": "Section 22-13-1.1 NMSA 1978 as amended by HB 171 (2024 Regular Session)",
          "excerpt": "economics and personal financial literacy, which course content contains civics;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/24%20Regular/final/HB0171.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "New Mexico Legislature",
          "citation": "HB 171 (2024 Regular Session), title",
          "excerpt": "CHANGING GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS ENTERING NINTH GRADE IN THE 2025-2026 SCHOOL YEAR;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nmlegis.gov/handouts/ALESC%20042722%20Item%2010%201b%20-%20Social%20Studies%20Standards%20Changes%20from%20Proposed%20to%20Adoption%20Handout.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New Mexico Legislature (Legislative Education Study Committee) / Public Education Department",
          "citation": "Legislative Education Study Committee handout, 2022-04-28, Item 10.1b (PED presentation)",
          "excerpt": "NMPED revised the proposed rule to add standards specific to personal financial literacy (see table below).",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NY",
      "name": "New York",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "high",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "NYSED Personal Finance Education grade-band learning objectives (five topics); no new standards created",
          "year": "2026"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Grade bands: elementary K-4 (instruction by end of grade 4, beginning 2027-28), middle 5-8 (by end of grade 8, beginning 2026-27). Districts need not teach at every grade within a band. Delivery may be embedded in required courses, a stand-alone course, or career and technical education; the FAQ describes all three as options. Districts and charter schools verify implementation to the Commissioner for 2026-27 through 2028-29; no student assessment requirement was found. No dedicated funding was found in the sources read."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": false,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": "2026-2027 school year",
        "notes": "High school band (grades 9-12): instruction by end of grade 12 beginning 2026-27. NYSED states it is an instructional requirement, not a specific credit or diploma requirement; Career and Financial Management (half unit CTE) may be used."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "S6805 / A8100",
          "session": "2025-2026",
          "status": "ACTIVE; referred to education committee (Jan 07, 2026)",
          "link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6805",
          "title": "Establishes instruction in financial literacy for students in sixth through eighth grade (adds Education Law 803-c)"
        },
        {
          "number": "S1272 / A96",
          "session": "2025-2026",
          "status": "ACTIVE; referred to education committee (Jan 07, 2026)",
          "link": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S1272",
          "title": "Requires instruction in financial management for all students in grades four through eight (adds Education Law 819)"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.nysed.gov/standards-instruction/personal-finance-education",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "New York State Education Department",
          "citation": "8 NYCRR 100.2(c)(13); Board of Regents permanent adoption, March 2026",
          "excerpt": "require instruction in personal finance education for public school students in grades kindergarten (K) through 12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nysed.gov/standards-instruction/personal-finance-education",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New York State Education Department",
          "citation": "8 NYCRR 100.2(c)(13); effective date",
          "excerpt": "These regulations become permanently effective on March 25, 2026.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.regents.nysed.gov/sites/regents/files/326brca5revised.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New York State Board of Regents / NYSED",
          "citation": "Regents item (Feb. 26, 2026), Attachment A text of 8 NYCRR 100.2(c)(13)(ii); text as submitted for adoption",
          "excerpt": "Beginning with the 2027-2028 school year and thereafter, such instruction shall be provided to elementary school students by the end of grade 4.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.regents.nysed.gov/sites/regents/files/326brca5revised.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "New York State Board of Regents / NYSED",
          "citation": "Regents item (Feb. 26, 2026), Attachment A text of 8 NYCRR 100.2(c)(13)(i); text as submitted for adoption",
          "excerpt": "such instruction shall be provided to middle school students by the end of grade 8 and high school students by the end of grade 12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nysed.gov/standards-instruction/personal-finance-education-faq",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "New York State Education Department",
          "citation": "NYSED Personal Finance Education FAQ",
          "excerpt": "Personal finance education is an instructional requirement, not a specific credit or diploma requirement.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nysed.gov/standards-instruction/personal-finance-education-faq",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "New York State Education Department",
          "citation": "NYSED Personal Finance Education FAQ, learning standards question",
          "excerpt": "The Department is not creating new standards for personal finance education.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S1272",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "New York State Senate",
          "citation": "NY Senate Bill 2025-S1272",
          "excerpt": "Requires instruction in financial management for all students in grades four through eight.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/A8100",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "New York State Senate",
          "citation": "NY Assembly Bill 2025-A8100 (Senate version S6805)",
          "excerpt": "Establishes instruction in financial literacy for students in sixth through eighth grade",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "NC",
      "name": "North Carolina",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_115C/GS_115C-81.65.html",
          "citation": "N.C.G.S. 115C-81.65(a)",
          "publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_115C/GS_115C-81.65.html",
          "citation": "N.C.G.S. 115C-81.65(b); history note: 2017-126, s. 5; 2019-82, s. 2(a)",
          "publisher": "North Carolina General Assembly",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.dpi.nc.gov/rethink-education-5th-grade-social-studies-parent-guide/download?attachment=",
          "citation": "NC DPI, 5th Grade Social Studies in North Carolina Public Schools: An At-Home Guide for Families (reflects Grade 5 Economics standards)",
          "publisher": "North Carolina Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.dpi.nc.gov/grade-8-extended-content-standards-2022/download?attachment=",
          "citation": "NC DPI, Grade 8 Social Studies Extended Content Standards (adopted February 2022), ECS.8.E.1.4",
          "publisher": "North Carolina Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "ND",
      "name": "North Dakota",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "North Dakota Financial Literacy Content Standards K-12 (Department of Public Instruction)",
          "year": "2025"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The standards are listed by individual grade K-8 and by two grade bands in high school. The DPI page encourages schools and districts to review and align local curriculum and instructional materials to implement the standards fully in 2026-2027. The standards document states that it respects the autonomy of school districts in developing curriculum. No statute or rule text was found requiring districts to teach these standards in K-8. The Administrative Code was not searched in full."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One-half unit of financial literacy, or economics or problems of democracy curriculum that includes personal finance concepts",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "NDCC 15.1-21-21 requires each school district to require each student to complete one-half unit of financial literacy or ensure its economics or problems of democracy curriculum exposes students to listed personal finance concepts. HB 1533 (2025) rewrote the list of concepts; the bill actions page shows it was signed by the Governor on 04/23. HB 1533 was signed by the Governor on 2025-04-23 per the bill actions page; an effective date is not stated in the sources read."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.nd.gov/dpi/sites/www/files/documents/Academic%20Support/Financial%20Literacy%20Standards%202025.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Department of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "North Dakota Financial Literacy Content Standards K-12, July 2025, Introduction (p. 6)",
          "excerpt": "The standards are divided into individual grade levels in grades K-8.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nd.gov/dpi/sites/www/files/documents/Academic%20Support/Financial%20Literacy%20Standards%202025.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Department of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "North Dakota Financial Literacy Content Standards K-12, July 2025, Introduction (p. 6)",
          "excerpt": "these standards respect the autonomy of school districts in developing their standards-aligned curriculum.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nd.gov/dpi/districtsschools/north-dakota-education-content-standards/financial-literacy",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Department of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "DPI Financial Literacy content standards page",
          "excerpt": "should review and align local curriculum and instructional materials to implement them fully in 2026-2027.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t15-1c21.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Legislative Assembly",
          "citation": "N.D.C.C. 15.1-21-21(1)",
          "excerpt": "Each school district shall require each student to complete one-half unit of financial literacy or ensure that its curriculum for either economics",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t15-1c21.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Legislative Assembly",
          "citation": "N.D.C.C. 15.1-21-01 (list of required subjects: English language arts, mathematics, social studies, science, physical education, health, computer science; no personal finance listed)",
          "excerpt": "To be approved by the superintendent of public instruction, each public and nonpublic elementary and middle school shall: 1. Provide to students instruction in:",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/documents/25-1296-04000.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Legislative Assembly",
          "citation": "2025 House Bill 1533 (69th Legislative Assembly), enrolled",
          "excerpt": "AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-21 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to financial literacy and concepts of personal finance curriculum.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-actions/ba1533.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "North Dakota Legislative Assembly",
          "citation": "HB 1533 (2025) bill actions",
          "excerpt": "Signed by Governor 04/23",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "OH",
      "name": "Ohio",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Ohio's Learning Standards for Financial Literacy (K-3, 4-6, middle grades, high school)",
          "year": "2018"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Standards exist for K-3, 4-6 and middle grades (adopted February 2018; K-8 content unchanged in the 2025 revision). The statute text reviewed requires adoption of standards and model curricula for K-12 but contains no K-8 instruction requirement. A separate-source reading that Ohio law requires instruction 'for all students' could not be verified against primary text."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One-half unit (minimum 60 hours of course instruction); may replace a half unit of math or an elective; AP microeconomics or macroeconomics satisfies it",
        "effective_date": "Students entering ninth grade for the first time on or after 2022-07-01",
        "notes": "Chartered nonpublic school students are not required to complete it unless attending under a state scholarship program. Districts may adopt a policy excusing students who complete a financial literacy program offered by a student branch or bank. 2025 revised high school standards must be used for high school credit."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "HB 669",
          "session": "136th General Assembly (2025-2026)",
          "status": "Introduced; referred to House Education Committee; no committee report or House passage shown on the House bill page as of 2026-10-15",
          "link": "https://www.ohiohouse.gov/legislation/136/hb669",
          "title": "Permit AP Business fulfill high school financial lit requirement (amends ORC 3313.603; high school only)"
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/hb669/00_IN/pdf/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Ohio General Assembly (Legislative Service Commission bill text)",
          "citation": "ORC 3313.603(C)(9)(a) (existing-law text reproduced in H.B. 669, 136th G.A., as introduced)",
          "excerpt": "for students who enter ninth grade for the first time on or after July 1, 2022, financial literacy, one-half unit.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/sb19/05_RH/pdf/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Ohio General Assembly (Legislative Service Commission bill text)",
          "citation": "ORC 3301.079(A)(2)(a) (text reproduced in Sub. S.B. 19, 136th G.A., as reported by House Education Committee)",
          "excerpt": "department shall adopt standards and model curricula for instruction in technology, financial literacy and entrepreneurship, fine arts, and foreign language for grades kindergarten through twelve",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Financial-Literacy/Financial-Literacy-Standards/FLFinalStandards060518_July-2025.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Ohio Department of Education and Workforce",
          "citation": "Ohio's Learning Standards: Financial Literacy, adopted February 2018, updated 2025",
          "excerpt": "The standards for Kindergarten – Grade 8 as adopted in 2018 remain the same.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Financial-Literacy/Financial-Literacy-Standards/FLFinalStandards060518_July-2025.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Ohio Department of Education and Workforce",
          "citation": "Ohio's Learning Standards: Financial Literacy, Introduction",
          "excerpt": "Schools can teach the middle grades and high school financial literacy standards as stand-alone courses or integrate them into other appropriate courses.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ohiohouse.gov/legislation/136/hb669",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Ohio House of Representatives",
          "citation": "H.B. 669, 136th General Assembly",
          "excerpt": "Permit AP Business fulfill high school financial lit requirement",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "OK",
      "name": "Oklahoma",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Oklahoma Academic Standards for Personal Financial Literacy (Grades 7-12)",
          "year": "2024"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Standards cover grades 7-12 and state that all standards and objectives must be taught and assessed by the local district. The rule for 2026-2028 graduates lets districts choose when in grades 7-12 each area is taught, so grades 7-8 are permitted but not specifically required. The department's guidance for students entering ninth grade in 2025-2026 and later places the requirement in grades 10-12. No K-6 personal finance standards or requirement were found in the sources read. Grade 7-8 content in other subject standards (for example social studies) was not reviewed."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "Half-unit course, integration into other courses, or a Career and Technology Education course (2029 graduates and later); all 14 areas of instruction for 2026-2028 graduates",
        "effective_date": "Rule effective with the 2008-2009 school year beginning in grade seven; grades 10-12 completion applies to students entering ninth grade in 2025-2026",
        "notes": "Fourteen areas of instruction are listed in OAC 210:35-9-31, with a Passport cumulative record and a transcript notation."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/standards-learning/personal-financial-literacy/Personal%20Financial%20Literacy%20State%20Rules.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "OAC 210:35-9-31(2)(F)(i); 70 O.S. 11-103.6h",
          "excerpt": "students shall fulfill the requirements for a Personal Financial Literacy Passport in order to graduate from a public high school",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/standards-learning/personal-financial-literacy/Personal%20Financial%20Literacy%20State%20Rules.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "OAC 210:35-9-31(2)(F)(i)",
          "excerpt": "satisfactory completion and demonstration of satisfactory knowledge in all 14 areas of instruction during grades seven through twelve.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/standards-learning/personal-financial-literacy/Personal%20Financial%20Literacy%20State%20Rules.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "OAC 210:35-9-31(2)(F)(iii)",
          "excerpt": "shall have the option of determining when each of the 14 areas of instruction listed above shall be presented to students in Grades 7-12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/literacy-policy-and-programs/oklahoma-academic-standards/2024-OAS-Personal-Financial-literacy-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Oklahoma Academic Standards for Personal Financial Literacy (2024), Overview",
          "excerpt": "Personal Financial Literacy is designed for students in Grades 7-12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/literacy-policy-and-programs/oklahoma-academic-standards/2024-OAS-Personal-Financial-literacy-Standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "Oklahoma Academic Standards for Personal Financial Literacy (2024), Overview",
          "excerpt": "All Personal Financial Literacy standards and objectives must be taught and assessed by the local district.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/standards-learning/personal-financial-literacy/Personal_Financial_Literacy_Standards_FAQs_12132007.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "OSDE Personal Financial Literacy FAQ, Section 1 (70 O.S. 11-103.6, 11-103.6h, 11-103.6h-1; OAC 210:35-9-31)",
          "excerpt": "integration of the content in other courses, or through a Career and Technology Education course in grades 10, 11, or 12.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/services/assessments/assessment-guidance/academic-advisement/2024-25-Academic-Advisement-and-Policy-Guidebook.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education",
          "citation": "OSDE Academic Advisement and Policy Guidebook 2024-25, Additional Requirements: Personal Financial Literacy",
          "excerpt": "during the tenth, eleventh, or twelfth grade.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "OR",
      "name": "Oregon",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6-7",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Oregon K-12 Social Science Standards (Economics: Earning, Saving, and Spending strand), version 2024.1",
          "year": "2024"
        },
        "is_mandate": null,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "K-8 financial content appears as the Earning, Saving, and Spending concept within Economics in the social science standards (for example K.E.ES.1, 5.E.ES.1, 8.E.ES.3). ORS 329.045(3)(a) says districts must offer instruction in personal financial education but does not name grades; the named Personal Financial Education standards (HS.PFE) are high school standards. Whether the general statute requires K-8 instruction is a judgement call, so no K-8 mandate is asserted. Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR chapter 581, division 22) were not read, so rule-level K-8 requirements were not confirmed."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "One half-credit of personal financial education (within 24 total credits, while in grades 9-12)",
        "effective_date": "2027-01-01",
        "notes": "ORS 329.451(2)(a)(E) lists one half-credit of personal financial education; the amendments apply to diplomas awarded on or after January 1, 2027, with a one-year waiver available to districts lacking qualified educators."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors329.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Oregon Legislature (Oregon Revised Statutes, chapter 329)",
          "citation": "ORS 329.045(3)(a)",
          "excerpt": "must offer students instruction in mathematics, science, language arts, history, geography, economics, civics, higher education and career path skills, personal financial education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors329.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Oregon Legislature (Oregon Revised Statutes, chapter 329)",
          "citation": "ORS 329.451(2)(a)",
          "excerpt": "must complete at least 24 total credits, which must include at least:",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors329.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Oregon Legislature (Oregon Revised Statutes, chapter 329)",
          "citation": "2023 c.564 (SB 3) uncodified section note following ORS 329.451",
          "excerpt": "apply to high school diplomas awarded on or after January 1, 2027.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-resources/standards/socialsciences/Documents/2024_Social_Science_Standards_2024_PDF_Version.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oregon Department of Education / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Oregon K-12 Social Science Standards, Adopted June 2024 (v2024.1), Kindergarten overview",
          "excerpt": "Financial literacy basics, such as identifying US currency, understanding its purpose, recognizing",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-resources/standards/socialsciences/Documents/2024_Social_Science_Standards_2024_PDF_Version.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oregon Department of Education / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Oregon K-12 Social Science Standards (2024), Standard 5.E.ES.1",
          "excerpt": "Map out a savings and budget plan designed to achieve a future",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-resources/standards/socialsciences/Documents/2024_Social_Science_Standards_2024_PDF_Version.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Oregon Department of Education / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Oregon K-12 Social Science Standards (2024), Standard 8.E.ES.3",
          "excerpt": "Explain how compound interest can generate both wealth and",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/students-and-family/OregonDiploma/Documents/Standards%20for%20Personal%20Financial%20Education.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Oregon Department of Education / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Oregon's High School Personal Financial Education Content Standards (HS.PFE)",
          "excerpt": "Adopted by the Oregon State Board of Education on June 13, 2024",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/students-and-family/OregonDiploma/Documents/SB%203%20Overview.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Oregon Department of Education",
          "citation": "ODE, Oregon's Newest Diploma Requirements: Senate Bill 3 overview",
          "excerpt": "Beginning with the students graduating on or after January 1, 2027, the Oregon diploma requirements",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "PA",
      "name": "Pennsylvania",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Academic Standards for Personal Finance, 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4, Appendix F (K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12 bands)",
          "year": "2024"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Per the final-form text read, primary and intermediate levels: every student every year; middle level: every student in the middle level program. The text allows a separate course or an instructional unit within another course or interdisciplinary activity (primary: separate course or other interdisciplinary activity). Grades are inferred from the rule's level names (primary, intermediate, middle). The text read is the Board-approved final-form annex (approved Sept. 12, 2024); the codified text in the Pennsylvania Code was not reachable (pacodeandbulletin.gov robots.txt disallows crawling), and the Bulletin publication date was not confirmed. No statewide assessment or dedicated funding for K-8 personal finance was found in the sources read."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "At least one-half credit, completed once during grade 9, 10, 11 or 12",
        "effective_date": "2026-27 school year",
        "notes": "Act 35 of 2023 added subsection (b.1) to Section 1551 of the Public School Code; applies to school entities and nonpublic schools."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.irrc.state.pa.us/docs/3404/AGENCY/3404FF.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania State Board of Education (final-form rulemaking filed with the Independent Regulatory Review Commission)",
          "citation": "22 Pa. Code § 4.21(f)(9) (Reg. #6-354, final-form as approved Sept. 12, 2024), Personal Finance",
          "excerpt": "Planned instruction in the following areas shall be provided to every student every year in the intermediate level program.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.irrc.state.pa.us/docs/3404/AGENCY/3404FF.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania State Board of Education (final-form rulemaking filed with the Independent Regulatory Review Commission)",
          "citation": "22 Pa. Code § 4.22(c)(12) (Reg. #6-354, final-form), Personal Finance",
          "excerpt": "Planned instruction aligned with academic standards in the following areas shall be provided to every student in the middle level program.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.irrc.state.pa.us/docs/3404/AGENCY/3404FF.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania State Board of Education (final-form rulemaking filed with the Independent Regulatory Review Commission)",
          "citation": "22 Pa. Code § 4.21(e)(9) (Reg. #6-354, final-form), Personal Finance",
          "excerpt": "shall be provided to every student every year in the primary program.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.irrc.state.pa.us/docs/3404/AGENCY/3404FF.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania State Board of Education (final-form rulemaking filed with the Independent Regulatory Review Commission)",
          "citation": "Reg. #6-354 final-form preamble, Effective Date",
          "excerpt": "This final-form rulemaking will take effect upon publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/stateboard/documents/regulations-and-statements/state-academic-standards/personal%20finance%20standards.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Education / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "22 Pa. Code Chapter 4, Appendix F (Academic Standards for Personal Finance, Grades K-12)",
          "excerpt": "The Academic Standards for Personal Finance in 22 Pa. Code Chapter 4, Appendix F take effect on July 1, 2026.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/education/programs-and-services/instruction/elementary-and-secondary-education/curriculum/economic-education",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Education",
          "citation": "Pennsylvania Department of Education, Personal Finance page (Chapter 4 update, Reg. #6-354)",
          "excerpt": "The new standards go into effect on July 1, 2026.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=2023&ActNum=0035.&SessInd=0",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly",
          "citation": "Act 35 of 2023, Section 8, adding 24 P.S. § 15-1551(b.1) (Public School Code of 1949)",
          "excerpt": "Students shall be required to complete the course once during grade nine, ten, eleven or twelve.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=2023&ActNum=0035.&SessInd=0",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania General Assembly",
          "citation": "Act 35 of 2023, Section 8, adding 24 P.S. § 15-1551(b.1)(1)",
          "excerpt": "a school entity or nonpublic school shall provide a mandatory course",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/education/programs-and-services/instruction/elementary-and-secondary-education/curriculum/economic-education",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "crosscheck",
          "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Education",
          "citation": "Pennsylvania Department of Education, Personal Finance page",
          "excerpt": "Academic Standards for Personal Finance go into effect on July 1, 2026 along with a legislative requirement",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "RI",
      "name": "Rhode Island",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "4",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "National Standards for Personal Financial Education (CEE and Jump$tart, 2021), as endorsed by the Council on Elementary and Secondary Education",
          "year": "2021"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "not_stated",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The standards document hosted by RIDE sets Standards and Learning Outcomes expected by the end of 4th, 8th and 12th grades. No statute or rule read requires teaching them in K-8. Section 16-22-13(k)(2) requires an annual department report listing middle and elementary schools that have incorporated consumer education. RIDE's own financial literacy page (ride.ri.gov/instruction-assessment/financial-literacy) was blocked by a Cloudflare challenge and was not read; the Council's December 2021 endorsement is taken from RIDE's September 2023 guidance PDF, not from a Council resolution. Council regulations (e.g. secondary school regulations) were not reviewed."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": "Graduating class of 2024",
        "notes": "Public high schools must offer a course including consumer education aligned with the statewide standards by 2022-2023, and beginning with the class of 2024 all students must demonstrate proficiency by a course, project, assessment, or other council-approved demonstration, at local discretion. The statute does not apply to private schools."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE16/16-22/16-22-13.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
          "citation": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 16-22-13(g)",
          "excerpt": "Beginning with the graduating class of 2024, all students shall demonstrate proficiency in consumer education prior to graduating high school.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE16/16-22/16-22-13.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
          "citation": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 16-22-13(a)",
          "excerpt": "shall develop and approve statewide academic standards for the instruction of consumer education in public high schools",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE16/16-22/16-22-13.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Rhode Island General Assembly",
          "citation": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 16-22-13(k)(2)",
          "excerpt": "A list of the middle schools and elementary schools that have incorporated consumer education into their curricula.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ride.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur806/files/2023-09/Financial%20Literacy%20Guidance%20%28September%202023%29%20for%20Publication.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Rhode Island Department of Education",
          "citation": "RIDE, Readiness-Based Graduation Requirements: Financial Literacy Guidance for Implementation & Resources (Sept. 2023), Introduction",
          "excerpt": "on December 7, 2021, were officially endorsed for the state of Rhode Island.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ride.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur806/files/Portals/0/Uploads/Documents/Financial-Literacy/2021_Natl_Standards_Downloadable_final.pdf?ver=2022-03-31-113933-113",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Rhode Island Department of Education (hosting CEE and Jump$tart document)",
          "citation": "National Standards for Personal Financial Education (CEE and Jump$tart, 2021), as hosted by RIDE; About the National Standards",
          "excerpt": "Standards and Learning Outcomes expected by the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th grades.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ride.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur806/files/2024-05/Encl5b_%20FinancialLiteracy.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Rhode Island Department of Education",
          "citation": "RIDE enclosure to Council, Update: Financial Literacy in Rhode Island (May 2024), Legislative Requirements",
          "excerpt": "requires that all students, beginning with the class of 2024, demonstrate proficiency in financial literacy before high school graduation.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "SC",
      "name": "South Carolina",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "2"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "South Carolina Social Studies College- and Career-Ready Standards (2019)",
          "year": "2019"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Grade 2 Standard 3 (Economics) includes indicators 2.E.1 to 2.E.3 on income, savings, spending and creating a simple budget. Kindergarten indicators cover wants and needs, which was not counted as personal finance. Grades 3-8 economics indicators were text-searched for savings, credit, loan, invest and budget terms and none were found outside grade 2. Section 59-29-430 directs the Board to incorporate the financial literacy elements into the K-12 standards, but 59-29-410 frames the instruction program as high school. The SCDE financial literacy page states that instruction shall be incorporated within current courses for all school students. That page is an agency statement, and the statutory text read refers to high schools. Confidence is medium because whether this amounts to a K-8 instructional requirement is a reading of general language. A 2026 cyclical review of the social studies standards exists; the 2019 standards were treated as current and the review was not read for financial content."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "0.5 credit in financial literacy; one credit in CATE Personal Finance earns the half credit",
        "effective_date": "Freshman class of 2023-24",
        "notes": "S.C. Code 59-29-165 requires instruction in personal finance for all students attending a public-funds high school. State Board regulation R.43-234 requires a half credit in financial literacy for the high school diploma, beginning with the freshman class of 2023-24. A separate half-credit Economics requirement also exists."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t59c029.php",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "South Carolina Legislature (Code of Laws)",
          "citation": "S.C. Code Ann. 59-29-165 (Instruction in personal finance)",
          "excerpt": "must receive instruction in the area of personal finance. The State Department of Education will assist the school districts in identifying suitable materials for instruction.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t59c029.php",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "South Carolina Legislature (Code of Laws)",
          "citation": "S.C. Code Ann. 59-29-410(A) (Financial Literacy Instruction)",
          "excerpt": "implementing a program of instruction on financial literacy within courses currently offered in high schools in this State.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t59c029.php",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "South Carolina Legislature (Code of Laws)",
          "citation": "S.C. Code Ann. 59-29-430 (Incorporation into Academic Standards of Instruction)",
          "excerpt": "into the South Carolina Academic Standards of Instruction for kindergarten through twelfth grade.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/coderegs/Chapter%2043.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "South Carolina State Board of Education (via South Carolina Legislature)",
          "citation": "S.C. Code of Regulations R.43-234(II)(L), Defined Program, Grades 9-12 and Graduation Requirements",
          "excerpt": "A student must earn one-half credit in financial literacy beginning with the freshman class of 2023–24.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards/social-studies/standards/2019-south-carolina-social-studies-college-and-career-ready-standards/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "South Carolina Department of Education",
          "citation": "South Carolina Social Studies College- and Career-Ready Standards (2019), Grade 2, Standard 3, indicator 2.E.3",
          "excerpt": "Create a simple budget, and articulate the priorities using economic terms such as expenses, income, and savings.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards/social-studies/standards/2019-south-carolina-social-studies-college-and-career-ready-standards/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "South Carolina Department of Education",
          "citation": "South Carolina Social Studies College- and Career-Ready Standards (2019), Grade 2, Standard 3, Enduring Understanding",
          "excerpt": "Creating and utilizing budgets are a foundation to becoming financially literate.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards/social-studies/financial-literacy/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "South Carolina Department of Education",
          "citation": "SCDE Social Studies, Financial Literacy page, citing S.C. Code 59-29-410",
          "excerpt": "financial literacy instruction shall be incorporated within current courses throughout the state to increase the knowledge of personal finance",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "SD",
      "name": "South Dakota",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Rules/Rule/24:43:11:02.html",
          "citation": "ARSD 24:43:11:02 (General requirements for high school graduation)",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Legislature (Legislative Research Council)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Rules/Rule/24:43:11:02.html",
          "citation": "ARSD 24:43:11:02; General Authority: SDCL 13-1-12.1, 13-3-47",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Legislature (Legislative Research Council)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/13-33-1.html",
          "citation": "SDCL 13-33-1",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Legislature (Legislative Research Council)",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doe.sd.gov/contentstandards/",
          "citation": "South Dakota Department of Education, Content Standards page",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doe.sd.gov/contentstandards/documents/SS-Standards-2023.pdf",
          "citation": "South Dakota Social Studies Standards, adopted April 17, 2023, standard 1.SS.1.H (1st grade)",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Board of Education Standards / Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doe.sd.gov/contentstandards/documents/SS-Standards-2023.pdf",
          "citation": "South Dakota Social Studies Standards, adopted April 17, 2023, standard K.SS.1.M (kindergarten; word list includes money, borrow, buy, sell)",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Board of Education Standards / Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doe.sd.gov/cte/documents/standards/19262-PerFinance.pdf",
          "citation": "Career Cluster: Finance, Course 19262 Personal Finance, Adopted May 2022 (0.5 credit)",
          "publisher": "South Dakota Department of Education, Career and Technical Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "TN",
      "name": "Tennessee",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": []
    },
    {
      "abbr": "TX",
      "name": "Texas",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "high",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2",
          "3",
          "4",
          "5",
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics, 19 TAC Chapter 111, Subchapters A and B (2012 adoption)",
          "year": "2012"
        },
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Delivery is within mathematics instruction (TEC 28.0021(a)(1)). Each grade K-8 TEKS in 19 TAC 111.2-111.7 and 111.26-111.28 has a 'Personal financial literacy' student expectation strand; the 2025 middle school advanced mathematics sections (111.29-111.31) also include one. Whether the topic is assessed or separately funded was not verified. The current-effect Chapter 111 documents retrieved are TEA postings of the rule text; a statewide mathematics TEKS review may revise them. Chapter 118 (economics) was not retrieved and is not relied on."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "one-half credit personal financial literacy course",
        "effective_date": "Students entering grade 9 in 2026-2027 or later (HB 27, 89th Legislature, R.S.)",
        "notes": "TEC 28.0021(b) requires districts with a high school program to offer a one-half credit elective course in personal financial literacy. HB 27 (2025) amends TEC 28.025(b-1) so that the foundation program social studies credits include at least one-half credit in personal financial literacy for the 2026-2027 ninth-grade cohort and later; SBOE has proposed new 19 TAC 113.26 to align the course TEKS."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://sboe.texas.gov/sites/default/files/tec-28.0021.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Texas State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Tex. Educ. Code 28.0021(a)(1) (as posted by the State Board of Education)",
          "excerpt": "The Texas essential knowledge and skills and, as applicable, Section 28.025 shall include instruction in personal financial literacy",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://sboe.texas.gov/sites/default/files/tec-28.0021.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Texas State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Tex. Educ. Code 28.0021(b)",
          "excerpt": "shall provide an elective course in personal financial literacy that meets the requirements for a one-half elective credit under Section 28.025",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://tea.texas.gov/laws-and-rules/sboe-rules-tac/sboe-tac-currently-effect/ch111a.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Texas Education Agency / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "19 TAC 111.1(a) (Mathematics TEKS, Elementary, adopted 2012)",
          "excerpt": "The provisions of §§111.2-111.7 of this subchapter shall be implemented by school districts.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://tea.texas.gov/laws-and-rules/sboe-rules-tac/sboe-tac-currently-effect/ch111a.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Texas Education Agency / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "19 TAC 111.2(b)(9) (Kindergarten); same strand in 111.3-111.7",
          "excerpt": "Personal financial literacy. The student applies mathematical process standards to manage one's financial resources effectively for lifetime financial security.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://tea.texas.gov/laws-and-rules/sboe-rules-tac/sboe-tac-currently-effect/ch111b.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Texas Education Agency / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "19 TAC 111.28(b)(12)(A) (Grade 8); strand also in 111.26 and 111.27",
          "excerpt": "solve real-world problems comparing how interest rate and loan length affect the cost of credit;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/HB00027F.htm",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Texas Legislature",
          "citation": "H.B. 27, 89th Leg., R.S. (2025), enrolled, sec. 3 (amending Tex. Educ. Code 28.025(b-1))",
          "excerpt": "applies only to students entering the ninth grade during the 2026-2027 school year or a later school year.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://tea.texas.gov/laws-and-rules/sboe-rules-tac/sboe-proposed/26-07-113-26.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Texas Education Agency / State Board of Education",
          "citation": "SBOE proposed new 19 TAC 113.26, Personal Financial Literacy (rulemaking, 2026)",
          "excerpt": "would update the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for the high school personal financial literacy course",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "UT",
      "name": "Utah",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "K",
          "1",
          "2"
        ],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Utah Elementary Social Studies Standards, Vertical Alignment of Strands (updated February 2026)",
          "year": "2026"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": false,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Economics standards K.4.3, 1.4.1 and 2.4.1 touch on spending, saving and sharing. Grades 3-6 economics standards in the K-6 vertical alignment document were not found to contain comparable items; grade 6, grades 7-8 social studies, and math standards beyond a grade 2 money word problem were not fully reviewed."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "0.5 credit (General Financial Literacy)",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "USBE lists General Financial Literacy as a required 0.5-credit course for high school graduation (its page lists grades 11-12). Utah Code 53E-4-204(1)(c) refers to grade 9-12 core standards and graduation requirements including general financial literacy. The exact graduation-credit rule text (R277-700 series) was not reviewed."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53E/Chapter3/C53E-3-S505_2024050120240501.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Utah State Legislature",
          "citation": "Utah Code 53E-3-505(2)(a)",
          "excerpt": "more fully integrate existing and new financial and economic literacy education into instruction in kindergarten through grade 12 by:",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53E/Chapter3/C53E-3-S505_2024050120240501.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Utah State Legislature",
          "citation": "Utah Code 53E-3-505(3)(a)",
          "excerpt": "course in the same manner that the state board administers other core standards for Utah public school courses for grades 9 through 12;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53E/Chapter4/C53E-4-S204_2026050620260701.html",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Utah State Legislature",
          "citation": "Utah Code 53E-4-204(1)(c) (effective 7/1/2026)",
          "excerpt": "include instruction that stresses general financial literacy from basic budgeting to financial investments, including bankruptcy education and a general financial literacy test-out option;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.schools.utah.gov/adminrules/administrativerules/_administrative_rules_/_effective_rules/R277704EffectiveApril2025.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Utah State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Utah Admin. Code R277-704-1(2)(a) (effective April 2025)",
          "excerpt": "to integrate financial and economic literacy concepts effectively into the core curriculum in various programs and at various grade levels;",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://schools.utah.gov/curr/socialstudies/resources/K-6%20Social%20Studies%20Vertical%20Alignment.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Utah State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Utah Elementary Social Studies Standards, Kindergarten Economics K.4.3 (updated Feb 2026)",
          "excerpt": "K.4.3 Identify ways that people use money, including spending, saving and sharing.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://schools.utah.gov/curr/socialstudies/resources/K-6%20Social%20Studies%20Vertical%20Alignment.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Utah State Board of Education",
          "citation": "Utah Elementary Social Studies Standards, Grade 2 Economics 2.4.1 (updated Feb 2026)",
          "excerpt": "2.4.1 Explain the benefits of personal savings.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://schools.utah.gov/cte/gfl",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Utah State Board of Education",
          "citation": "USBE General Financial Literacy (CTE) program page; Utah Code 53E-3-505; R277-704",
          "excerpt": "The General Financial Literacy course is a required course for high school graduation in Utah.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "VT",
      "name": "Vermont",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Jump$tart National Standards in K-12 Personal Finance Education (adopted by the Vermont State Board of Education)",
          "year": "2018"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "Agency of Education testimony says the Board adopted the standards understanding personal finance could be taught within several content areas or a stand-alone class. The standards document itself was not read (education.vermont.gov blocked automated access), so K-8 coverage rests on the K-12 title and the Agency's description."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": false,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "Rule 2120.8 leaves graduation requirements to each secondary school board. H.228 (2023-2024), which would have required a semester-long personal finance course for a diploma, was opposed by the Agency of Education; its final status was not confirmed here."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/16/023/00906",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online (unofficial copy of the Vermont Statutes Annotated)",
          "citation": "16 V.S.A. § 906(a)",
          "excerpt": "learning experiences shall be provided for students in the minimum course of study.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/16/023/00906",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online (unofficial copy of the Vermont Statutes Annotated)",
          "citation": "16 V.S.A. § 906(b)(1)-(6)",
          "excerpt": "(5) the natural sciences; and (6) the fine arts.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Education/Agency%20of%20Education/W~Jess%20DeCarolis~Overview%20of%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20High%20Schools~4-5-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Vermont Agency of Education (testimony hosted by the Vermont General Assembly)",
          "citation": "Agency of Education testimony to Senate Committee on Education on H.228, April 5, 2023, p. 3 (describing State Board adoption, 2018)",
          "excerpt": "In 2018, the Vermont State Board of Education adopted the Jump$tart standards",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Education/Agency%20of%20Education/W~Jess%20DeCarolis~Overview%20of%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20High%20Schools~4-5-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Vermont Agency of Education (testimony hosted by the Vermont General Assembly)",
          "citation": "Agency of Education testimony on H.228, April 5, 2023, p. 3 (list of State Board adopted learning standards)",
          "excerpt": "Jump$tart Standards in K-12 Personal Finance Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Education/Agency%20of%20Education/W~Jess%20DeCarolis~Overview%20of%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20High%20Schools~4-5-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Vermont Agency of Education (testimony hosted by the Vermont General Assembly)",
          "citation": "State Board of Education Rule Series 2000 (Education Quality Standards) 2120.5, as quoted in Agency of Education testimony on H.228, p. 2",
          "excerpt": "the written and delivered curriculum within their supervisory union is aligned with the standards approved by the State Board of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Education/Agency%20of%20Education/W~Jess%20DeCarolis~Overview%20of%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20High%20Schools~4-5-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Vermont Agency of Education (testimony hosted by the Vermont General Assembly)",
          "citation": "State Board of Education Rule Series 2000 (Education Quality Standards) 2120.8, as quoted in Agency of Education testimony on H.228, p. 5",
          "excerpt": "Each secondary school board is responsible for setting graduation requirements in accordance with these rules.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Education/Agency%20of%20Education/W~Jess%20DeCarolis~Overview%20of%20Financial%20Literacy%20in%20High%20Schools~4-5-2023.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Vermont Agency of Education (testimony hosted by the Vermont General Assembly)",
          "citation": "Agency of Education testimony on H.228 (2023-2024 session), p. 1",
          "excerpt": "The AOE does not support the proposed bill and a required course in Personal Finance as a graduation requirement.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2026/Docs/ACTS/ACT073/ACT073%20As%20Enacted.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Vermont General Assembly",
          "citation": "2025 Acts and Resolves No. 73, Sec. 9(a)",
          "excerpt": "the Agency of Education shall recommend to the State Board of Education standards for statewide graduation requirements",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia",
      "public_status": "k8_requirement",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [
          "6",
          "7",
          "8"
        ],
        "standards_document": null,
        "is_mandate": true,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": false,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The statute directs the Board to provide for systematic infusion of economic principles in the relevant Standards of Learning, which indicates embedded rather than stand-alone delivery. Subsection D says the Board is not required to evaluate achievement on these objectives in SOL assessments. The Standards of Learning documents themselves (VDOE, doe.virginia.gov) could not be read, so grade-by-grade K-8 standards content was not verified."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": true,
        "course_length": "1 standard unit of credit in Economics and Personal Finance (Standard and Advanced Studies diplomas)",
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "The graduation tables in 8VAC20-132-51 list Economics and Personal Finance at 1 standard unit for both diploma types. The section is labeled as effective for students entering ninth grade in 2018-2019; later chapter versions were not checked."
      },
      "pending_bills": [],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title22.1/chapter13/section22.1-200.03/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Virginia General Assembly (Division of Legislative Automated Systems), Code of Virginia",
          "citation": "Va. Code Ann. § 22.1-200.03(A)",
          "excerpt": "Instruction in the principles of the American economic system shall be required in the public middle and high schools of the Commonwealth",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title22.1/chapter13/section22.1-200.03/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Virginia General Assembly (Division of Legislative Automated Systems), Code of Virginia",
          "citation": "Va. Code Ann. § 22.1-200.03(E)",
          "excerpt": "\"Middle school\" includes grades six through eight.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title22.1/chapter13/section22.1-200.03/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Virginia General Assembly (Division of Legislative Automated Systems), Code of Virginia",
          "citation": "Va. Code Ann. § 22.1-200.03(B)",
          "excerpt": "objectives for economics education and financial literacy at the middle and high school levels, that shall be required of all students",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title22.1/chapter13/section22.1-200.03/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Virginia General Assembly (Division of Legislative Automated Systems), Code of Virginia",
          "citation": "Va. Code Ann. § 22.1-200.03(D)",
          "excerpt": "The Board shall not be required to evaluate student achievement concerning economics education and financial literacy objectives in the Standards of Learning assessments",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title8/agency20/chapter132/section51/",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Virginia General Assembly (Division of Legislative Automated Systems), Virginia Administrative Code; State Board of Education regulation",
          "citation": "8VAC20-132-51 (Virginia Standards of Accreditation, graduation requirements)",
          "excerpt": "Economics and Personal Finance 1 Electives 4 Total 22 5",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "WA",
      "name": "Washington",
      "public_status": "k8_standards_only",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "k8": {
        "grades": [],
        "standards_document": {
          "name": "Initial Washington State K-12 Learning Standards for Financial Education",
          "year": "2026"
        },
        "is_mandate": false,
        "delivery": "embedded",
        "assessed": null,
        "funded": null,
        "notes": "The May 2026 initial-adoption standards include K-5 grade-level standards and a 6-8 grade band. OSPI bulletin 018-26 says final adoption is expected before January 2027 and that the standards would be required to be taught in the 2028-29 school year; that bulletin does not say to whom or in which grades, and no statute or rule text requiring instruction in a named K-8 grade was read, so this is a judgement call and the status stays at standards-only. An older OSPI FAQ (2023) says K-5 teachers may consider incorporating the standards and 6-12 teachers may be required to depending on the courses they teach. RCW 28A.300.462(1) only encourages districts to voluntarily adopt the national standards."
      },
      "high_school": {
        "graduation_requirement": false,
        "course_length": null,
        "effective_date": null,
        "notes": "RCW 28A.300.468(2) requires districts to give all students in grades 9-12 the opportunity to access the financial education standards and encourages (but does not require) granting graduation credit for financial education courses. Bills to make financial education a graduation requirement (HB 1285, SB 5849) had not been enacted as of the bill pages read."
      },
      "pending_bills": [
        {
          "number": "HB 1285",
          "session": "2025-26 biennium (2025 Regular Session; retained in 2026)",
          "status": "Passed the House 94-3 on 2025-03-05; returned from Senate committee to House Rules by resolution on 2025-04-27; reintroduced and retained in present status 2026-01-12; current status HRules 3C",
          "link": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1285&Year=2025&Initiative=false",
          "title": "Making financial education instruction a graduation requirement in public schools."
        },
        {
          "number": "SB 5849",
          "session": "2025-26 biennium (2026 Regular Session)",
          "status": "Public hearing held in Senate Early Learning & K-12 Education on 2026-02-04; no later action shown",
          "link": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5849&Year=2025&Initiative=false",
          "title": "Making financial education a graduation requirement in Washington state."
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.300.468",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Washington State Legislature (Revised Code of Washington)",
          "citation": "RCW 28A.300.468(2)",
          "excerpt": "School districts shall provide all students in grades nine through twelve the opportunity to access the financial education standards,",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.300.468",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "high_school",
          "publisher": "Washington State Legislature (Revised Code of Washington)",
          "citation": "RCW 28A.300.468(2)",
          "excerpt": "School districts are encouraged to grant credit toward high school graduation to students who successfully complete financial education courses.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.300.462",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "status",
          "publisher": "Washington State Legislature (Revised Code of Washington)",
          "citation": "RCW 28A.300.462(1)",
          "excerpt": "School districts are encouraged to voluntarily adopt the jumpstart coalition national standards in K-12 personal finance education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ospi.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/2026-05/bulletin-018-26.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "OSPI Bulletin No. 018-26 (May 7, 2026), Initial Adoption of Washington State K-12 Learning Standards for Financial Education",
          "excerpt": "School districts and teachers can begin implementation efforts of the initial standards at their own pace",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ospi.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/2026-05/bulletin-018-26.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "OSPI Bulletin No. 018-26 (May 7, 2026)",
          "excerpt": "before the standards are required to be taught in the 2028–29 school year.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ospi.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/2026-05/initial-wa-learning-standards-financial-education.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "Initial Washington State K-12 Learning Standards for Financial Education (May 2026), Kindergarten, FE.K.SP.1",
          "excerpt": "FE.K.SP.1 Students will know that money can be spent to meet an individual's wants and needs or to share the cost of goods and services.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ospi.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/2026-05/initial-wa-learning-standards-financial-education.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "Initial Washington State K-12 Learning Standards for Financial Education (May 2026), Middle School (Grades 6–8), FE.MS.EI.1",
          "excerpt": "FE.MS.EI.1 Students will know that careers are based on working at jobs in the same occupation or profession for many years.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ospi.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/2023-11/faqsfinancialeducation.pdf",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "k8",
          "publisher": "Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction",
          "citation": "OSPI, Financial Education Standards Frequently Asked Questions (2023)",
          "excerpt": "Teachers of K–5 students may consider ways to incorporate the financial education standards into their classes.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1285&Year=2025&Initiative=false",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
          "citation": "HB 1285, 2025-26 biennium, bill summary",
          "excerpt": "HB 1285 - 2025-26 Making financial education instruction a graduation requirement in public schools.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5849&Year=2025&Initiative=false",
          "type": "primary",
          "role": "pending_bill",
          "publisher": "Washington State Legislature",
          "citation": "SB 5849, 2025-26 biennium, bill summary",
          "excerpt": "SB 5849 - 2025-26 Making financial education a graduation requirement in Washington state.",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "WV",
      "name": "West Virginia",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/18-2-7C/",
          "citation": "W. Va. Code §18-2-7c(c)",
          "publisher": "West Virginia Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/18-2-7C/",
          "citation": "W. Va. Code §18-2-7c(a)",
          "publisher": "West Virginia Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Text_HTML/2025_SESSIONS/RS/bills/sb283%20sub1%20enr.pdf",
          "citation": "Enrolled Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 283, 2025 Regular Session",
          "publisher": "West Virginia Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://wvde.us/sites/default/files/2025-09/WVDE%20HS%20Policy%202510%20Best%20Practices%20-September%202025.pdf",
          "citation": "WVBE Policy 2510 (High School, Sept. 2025 edition), Personal Finance Graduation Requirement guidance",
          "publisher": "West Virginia Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://apps.sos.wv.gov/adlaw/csr/rule.aspx?rule=126-044",
          "citation": "W. Va. CSR 126-044D, effective 7/1/2025 (listing only)",
          "publisher": "West Virginia Secretary of State",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "WI",
      "name": "Wisconsin",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/121.02",
          "citation": "Wis. Stat. s. 121.02(1)(L)7.",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/121.02",
          "citation": "Wis. Stat. s. 121.02(1) (lead-in)",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/standards/pdf/PersonalFinancialLiteracyStandards2020.pdf",
          "citation": "Wisconsin Standards for Personal Financial Literacy (2020), Foreword; 2017 Wis. Act 94",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/standards/pdf/PersonalFinancialLiteracyStandards2020.pdf",
          "citation": "Wisconsin Standards for Personal Financial Literacy (2020), What Are the Academic Standards?",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/standards/pdf/PersonalFinancialLiteracyStandards2020.pdf",
          "citation": "Wisconsin Standards for Personal Financial Literacy (2020), Grade Bands",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/118.33",
          "citation": "Wis. Stat. s. 118.33(1)(a)1.f.",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin State Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dpi.wi.gov/finance/2023-wi-act-60",
          "citation": "2023 Wis. Act 60, Section 2 (initial applicability)",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dpi.wi.gov/finance/pfl-faq",
          "citation": "DPI Personal Financial Literacy FAQ",
          "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "abbr": "WY",
      "name": "Wyoming",
      "public_status": "under_review",
      "last_verified": "2026-10-15",
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title21.pdf",
          "citation": "W.S. 21-9-101(b)(iii)(F)",
          "publisher": "Wyoming Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title21.pdf",
          "citation": "W.S. 21-9-101(b)",
          "publisher": "Wyoming Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://edu.wyoming.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Chapter-10-Rules_Clean-12.16.21.pdf",
          "citation": "Wyoming State Board of Education Rules, Chapter 10, Section 2(b)",
          "publisher": "Wyoming State Board of Education / Wyoming Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://edu.wyoming.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Chapter-10-Rules_Clean-12.16.21.pdf",
          "citation": "Wyoming State Board of Education Rules, Chapter 10, Section 3(a)",
          "publisher": "Wyoming State Board of Education / Wyoming Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://edu.wyoming.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Social-Studies-Standards-20142018-additions_FINAL.pdf",
          "citation": "Wyoming Social Studies Content & Performance Standards (2014 with 2018 Additions), Standard 3, SS5.3.4",
          "publisher": "Wyoming Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://edu.wyoming.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Social-Studies-Standards-20142018-additions_FINAL.pdf",
          "citation": "Wyoming Social Studies Content & Performance Standards (2014 with 2018 Additions), Standard 3, SS8.3.4",
          "publisher": "Wyoming Department of Education",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title21.pdf",
          "citation": "W.S. 21-2-304(a)(iii)(D)",
          "publisher": "Wyoming Legislature",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
